Article 12[1] of the Indian Constitution, State means the Government and Parliament of India, and the Government and Legislative Assembly of every State, and any local authority or other author...

Representing the source upon which judges should be independent in order to grasp the possibility of lawful freedom is essential. Though the idea of lawful freedom is unique and may be describe...

In recent times, religion has been considered as the center for a hostile idea or target the individual for initiating communal violence in society. For the same reasons that all hate speech pr...

Contempt of court encompasses actions that disregard, disrespect, or interfere with a court's authority and its judicial processes. This violation, often defined within legal structures such as...

Arnab Ranjan Goswami v. Union of India & Ors, AIR 2020 SC 2386 Coram: J. D.Y. Chandrachud and M.R. Shah. Facts Of The Case The Petitioner is the Editor-in-Chief of the English television n...

What is federalism?Imagine a state with a dense population with geographic disadvantages and demographic challenges with various barriers like cultural, religious and linguistic barriers, where...

Introduction and definitions: Sir Francis Bacon , an English Philosopher and Statesman coined the term Euthanasia in the 17th century. He used this term to describe the physician's responsibil...

The Indian constitution does not explicitly state health rights but courts interpret it to form an important fundamental right based on constitutional principles. The massive economic differenc...

The execution of Mohammad Afzal Guru in 2013 for the 2001 Parliament attack raises serious questions about constitutional rights in India. This article examines legal loopholes in the trial, me...

The Constitution of India, while crafted in the mid-20th century, has demonstrated remarkable adaptability to evolving technologies. However, in the era of algorithm-driven governance — where...

Delimitation refers to the legal and administrative process by which territorial or jurisdictional boundaries are established or redefined, particularly for purposes of representation and gover...

This article delves into the connection between judicial review and democratic governance in India. It explores the development and constitutional foundations of review, emphasizing its crucial...

In the Indian system of distribution of power, power is distributed horizontally amongst legislative, executive and judiciary. The legislature is given the duty of making laws, executive for en...

The discourse surrounding euthanasia represents a critical intersection of constitutional rights, medical ethics, and human dignity. This research paper examines the evolving legal perspecti...

What is a Right? Theories of RightsA right, in its most basic sense, is a justified claim or entitlement that an individual or a group holds against others or society. It implies a correspondin...

Executive Summary This Article examines whether the President of India can be compelled to seek the Supreme Court's advisory opinion on a bill under Article 143 of the Constitution, in light o...

"When justice is blinded by bias, the strongest shoulders bear the weight of unspoken pain and words and the bravest hearts hide their deepest scars ". Abstract This article examine...

This paper explores the profound influence of Gandhian philosophy on the Indian Constitution, particularly in the context of realizing social justice. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's principles of...

The doctrine of constructive notice is a foundational principle in company law, which aims to balance transparency and diligence in corporate affairs. While it has its roots in the desi...

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) Public Interest Litigation (PIL) means a case or petition filed before a court to protect, safeguard or enforce public interest. Public Interest means th...

A difficult part of rulings has frequently been balancing the public's right to know with an individual's right to privacy. These disagreements are strengthened by the Right to Information Act ...

This paper ventures into the labyrinth of morality and its intricate relationship with jurisprudence - exploring how morality has both shaped the law and, at times, been cast aside by it. Striv...

What is PIL?Public Interest Litigation is a legal mechanism that allows into visuals or groups to file law suits in a court of law not for personal gain, but to protect or enforce rights that a...

Lok Adalats, also known as "People's Courts," represent a significant alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism within the Indian legal system. These forums offer a platform for ...

There is no uniform or single definition of 'Law'; nobody can define what Law is in a watertight compartment because Law is undefinable. Law constantly changes from place to place, time to time, ...

Quo Warranto: In the literal sense, it means 'by what authority or warrant'. It is issued by the court to enquire into the legality of claim of a person to a public office. The object of the w...

It is not the whole Act which would be held invalid for being inconsistent with Part III of the Constitution but only such provision of it, which violates the Fundamental Rights, provided that the ...

Justice Yashwant Verma, a judge of the Hon'ble Delhi High Court, recently came under scrutiny following allegations regarding the discovery of illicit cash at his residence after a fire inciden...

In 2005, the right to information (RTI) Act emerged as a pillar of hope for Indian democracy, empowering citizens to hold powers accountable. Nearly two decades later, a new shadow looms over t...

This article explores on the intricacies of 'right to life' and 'right to die' under article 21 of the Indian Constitution. It clarifies on the contemporary ambit of article 21 and seeks to con...

Law and society are deeply interconnected, evolving alongside cultural, political, and economic structures. Theories by Henry Maine, Friedrich Carl von Savigny, and Max Gluckman provide diverse...

The recognition of fundamental rights within the Constitution was driven by the understanding that individual freedoms are indispensable for the development of personal identity and the preserv...

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Fundamental Rights often intersect, raising important legal and ethical questions. While IPR grants exclusive rights to creators and innovators, it must b...

The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, is more than just a law—it is a beacon of hope for ordinary citizens seeking transparency and accountability in governance. In Jammu and Kashmir, a r...

Case Analysis of M Nagaraj v/s Union of India Citation: 2006 8 SCC 212; Writ Petition (Civil) 61 of 2002 Petitioner: M. Nagaraj & Others Respondent: Union of India & Others Cour...

Reservation and Cash Grants Method of Effecting Reservation The method of effecting reservation i.e. to have data on the socio-economic status of a person or class of pers...

As Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav ,we are commemorating our 75th anniversary of independence today, and our goal is to become a developed nation by 2047. However ,we need a system that requires seat t...

The Supreme Court's ruling in Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India (February 2024) striking down the Electoral Bonds Scheme is a significant step toward ensuring transparency in...

Due to worries about the potential negative effects on lawyers' rights and independence, the Indian legal community has erupted against the proposed revisions to the Advocates Act 1961. These r...

Judicial review, the power of courts to examine and invalidate laws and executive actions that violate a constitution, stands as a fundamental pillar of modern constitutional democracies. It en...

The doctrine of separation of powers is a fundamental principle in the Indian constitutional framework, ensuring a system of checks and balances among the three organs of government—the Legis...

Since gaining independence in 1947, India has established itself as a democratic republic where the judiciary is entrusted with the responsibility of upholding constitutional values and ensuring ...

The interpretation of statutes plays a crucial role in the application of law, ensuring that legislative intent is accurately understood and enforced. However, the language of statutes is not a...

Urbanization is a significant factor in promoting economic development and social progress, yet it also brings considerable challenges, particularly in providing sufficient and affordable housi...

The definition of "appropriating funds" makes it sound simple. The appropriation process is not entirely straightforward in practice. Budgeting involves both the legislative and execu...

When asking a layman, about what 'citizenship' means, one could expect answers like, a sense of belongingness to a nation, or a membership of a nation, but legally, citizenship is a status, by ...

This study investigates the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on constitutional morality, focusing on how AI promotes constitutional advancement while adhering to democratic values such...

Internet shutdowns have become an increasingly common tool used by governments around the world to control information flow and suppress dissent, particularly in times of political unrest or co...

The Latin phrase "ex proprio vigore" translates to "by its own force" or "of its own strength." In law, it describes a rule or provision that becomes effective aut...

Speedy justice is a fundamental tenet of any democratic society, ensuring that citizens can access justice in a timely manner. In India, the quest for swift and efficient justice has been a lon...

"Inter Arma Silent Leges," a Latin phrase meaning "In times of war, the laws are silent," encapsulates the conflict between the rule of law and the urgent demands of war or ...

In the digital age, where every moment of our lives can be captured, shared, and stored indefinitely, the intersection of the right to privacy and the growing phenomenon of sharenting has emerg...

The Supreme Court of India has been a cornerstone of democracy, serving as the guardian of the Constitution and the protector of fundamental rights. Its judgements have had a profound impact on...

Introduction to Fundamental Duties under Article 51(A)The Fundamental Duties, enshrined in Article 51(A) of the Indian Constitution, serve as moral obligations for every citizen, encouraging them...

It was January 26,1950, a day chosen because of historical connect, a wave of pride swept through the nation as Dr. Rajendra Prasad unfurled the tricolour at Rashtrapati bhavan, marking the birth...

In India, there is always an election happening across various states and union territories due to which the governance, policy making and its implementation comes to a grinding halt. To addres...

Euthanasia or mercy killing refers to ending a person's life, who has been suffering from some life-threatening disease and is in a vegetative state. This is usually done when the person suffer...

What is Class Immunity?The class immunity doctrine shields certain public officials from lawsuits arising from their official duties. This legal protection allows officials to perform their jobs wi...

From the days of law college, I used to think- what is there in law, which is ours. You see any concept, any theory, any dogma. All of it is Western. According to a study, during the historical...

"The Contempt in ordinary sense means to insult, disgrace or dishonour something, and when the insult is of a Court or Tribunal or any other judicial organ of the nation, that it tantamount to ...

One Nation One Election is one of the emerging topic in India which requires a change in the structure of conducting elections within India.The main motive behind this concept is to conduct a s...

The Quran, Islam's sacred text, has significantly shaped legal frameworks globally, especially in Muslim-majority areas. Its impact manifests in numerous ways: Sharia law, derived from the Qura...

The law, once designed to ease and enhance the day-to-day living of humans is now one of their biggest hurdles, ironically, the more it eases our living the more ambiguous and difficult it gets...

The doctrine of election is a fundamental legal principle, particularly significant in property and contract law. It arises when an individual has to choose between two mutually exclusive right...

The rapid growth of social media platforms has transformed the way individuals communicate, express opinions, and consume information. However, this digital revolution has also brought challeng...

The right to reside in any part of India is a fundamental freedom guaranteed to all citizens, directly stemming from Article 19(1)(e) of the Constitution of India. This right holds paramount im...

The Indian Constitution which came into force on 26th November, 1949 has different articles, schedules and parts so far. It has 448 articles 25 parts and 12 schedules up to date and this is the...

Legal interpretation involves two fundamental approaches: "the letter of the law" and "the spirit of the law." The former emphasizes a strict, literal reading of legal texts...

The Indian Constitution enshrines the concept of the "State" under Article 12 to ensure the protection of fundamental rights from infringement by entities wielding sovereign power. Ho...

The philosophy of Epictetus is firmly anchored in Stoic thought, emphasizing the critical distinction between what lies within our control and what does not. His teachings provide a framework f...

The relationship between law and the dichotomy of control examines the equilibrium between human agency and societal governance. It examines how individuals' capacity to make decisions interact...

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) refers to harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender, and it is a widespread problem that transcends borders, cultures, and social strata. GBV is a r...

Elections form the cornerstone of a democracy, acting as the primary mechanism through which the will of the people is expressed. In a country as diverse and populous as India, elections hold e...

According to the Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, "collective bargaining is a process of discussion and negotiation between two parties, one or both of whom a group of persons is acting i...

The biggest problems in constitutional law are the tension between freedom of speech and national security. Freedom speech and expression is regarded as essential to both individual liberty and...

Gender parity in politics is essential for the development of an equitable and inclusive society. In India, where women constitute nearly half the population, their representation in political ...

Exploitation is a major crisis in India. Exploitation can be of labor exploitation, sexual exploitation, etc. are considered to be illegal in India. It is mostly seen that the poor ones are oft...

Alimony, often referred to as maintenance, is a crucial aspect of divorce proceedings, designed to ensure financial stability for the dependent spouse post-separation. In India, alimony is comm...

Reservation laws in India have long been a topic of intense debate and discussion. Enacted as a means to uplift marginalized communities and bridge historical inequities, these policies have pl...

The Union Territories Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, introduced in the Lok Sabha, seeks to amend key legislative acts governing Union Territories in India—the Government of Union Territories Ac...

The Doctrine of Necessity serves as a notable exception to the established principle of Natural Justice, which generally forbids individuals from adjudicating their own disputes due to the risk...

The Latin legal maxim "Generalia specialibus non derogant," which means "the general does not derogate from the specific," embodies a crucial principle in law. This doctrine...

"In the digital age , our personal data is the new currency , and we must protect it with the same vigor as we protect our financial assets." – Tim Cook Abstract This paper would like to ...

Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum What cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly Colourable legislation refers to laws or regulations that, while appearin...

Samatha v. State of Andhra PradeshIn 1997, the landmark judgment of Samatha vs. State of Andhra Pradesh reshaped the landscape of tribal rights in India. Upholding the claims of a social action ...

Articles 32 of the Indian Constitution constitute the Right to Constitutional Remedies, which is regarded as the very foundation of the Constitution itself, The statute offers citizens the ab...

The Finance Commission of India, established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution, epitomizes the constitutional commitment to ensuring fiscal equity in a federal framework. With a quas...

The commercialization of education refers to the increasing tendency of educational institutions, particularly private ones, to treat education as a commodity rather than a public good. This sh...

"When The Blood That Flows In All Human Beings Are The Same Then Why Should There Be A Scope Of Discrimination Based On Their Caste Or Creed" - -  Anonymous Musing about the societ...

The question of whether personal faith can coexist harmoniously with institutional regulations has emerged as a critical point of contention in modern constitutional jurisprudence. In India, a ...

"No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law". Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the fundamental right to li...

Federalism and unitarism are two major forms of political organization used by nations around the world. While both systems deal with the distribution of powers between central and regional aut...

On December 18, 1976, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed approved the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976. The Bill had earlier passed in the Lok Sabha on November 2 and the Rajya Sabha...

This paper examines the evolution, legal framework, and societal perceptions of live-in relationships in India. Despite being controversial in a culture where marriage is a sacrosanct instituti...

The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India is a proposed legal framework intended to replace the personal laws associated with different religions, establishing a single set of laws applicable to al...

Freedom of speech and expression is one of the fundamental rights any nation can give its citizens. That is why Article 19(1)(a) of the constitution of India provides for the said right. This r...

What is Interpretation? Interpretation: The word "interpretation" is derived from the word "interpret," which means to explain, translate, expound, or under...

In addition to Article 53, which grants the President all executive powers of the Union Government, including the supreme command of the country's defence forces, several other provisions outli...

The legal determination of the minority status of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) has been a contentious issue spanning decades, intertwining constitutional principles, legislative amendments, ...

In the Indian Constitution, part XV (Articles 324 to 329) deals with the Election Commission of India. It is an autonomous constitutional body responsible for conducting elections and has the p...

This paper explores the contentious practice of preventive detention within the framework of the Indian Constitution, particularly under Article 22, which provides procedural safeguards for ind...

Indian Polity is structured in a manner that horizontally divides the organs of government, into three institutions responsible for different functions i.e., Legislature, Executive, and Judicia...

The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive document that provides the legal and institutional framework for governance in the country. It establishes the fundamental principles that define the ...

Social constructivism1, a theory that originated from sociology and epistemology, holds that reality is not an absolute object, as it is constructed through interaction, discourse, and communic...

The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) has been a longstanding and complex issue in India's legal and social landscape. Its implementation has been a subject of debate and controversy for decades. The di...

Constitutional morality in its strictest sense of the term implies strict and complete adherence to the constitutional principles as enshrined in various segments of the document. When a countr...

The power to dissolve the Legislative Assembly can be considered implicit in clause (1) of Article 356. It must be held, with regard to the overall constitutional framework, that the President ...

The Abolition of the Zamindari System in India marked a pivotal moment in the nation's agrarian history, necessitating a nuanced legal analysis. This study scrutinies intricate legal dimensions...

The evolution of social media has altered the communications landscape, making it possible to share thoughts and ideas across the world. The advent of this freedom raises questions about the re...

Free legal aid is a constitutional right in India, aimed at ensuring access to justice for all citizens, particularly those who are economically and socially disadvantaged. The concept is roote...

Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans as part of a ritual, which is usually intended to please or appease gods, a human ruler, public or jurisdictional demands for justice by...

State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh: Sub-classification within Scheduled Castes Introduction and Background of the Case The Supreme Court's approach to affirmative action witn...

The 'procedure established by law' was firstly interpreted as 'procedure prescribed by the law of the state'. It is mentioned U/A 21 of the constitution . Article 21: "Protection Of Life And...

A.K. Gopalan vs. State of Madras [1950] SCR 88The A.K. Gopalan vs. State of Madras case is a significant Indian constitutional law case, involving the interpretation of fundamental rights. The ca...

The Supreme Court of India's decision in Association for Democratic Reforms v. Election Commission of India (2023) represents a significant development in the discourse surrounding the transpar...

The Indian Supreme Court's recent decision in Sita Soren v. Union of India reiterates that lawmakers do not enjoy immunity under Article 194(2) of the Constitution in cases involving bribery, t...

In today's digital age, the "Right to Be Forgotten" represents a fascinating evolution of personal privacy rights. Once, privacy was as simple as closing a door; now, it has expanded ...

Landmark Judgments: Article 21 clearly highlights the Founding Fathers' recognition of the State's right to deprive a person of life and personal liberty, provided it is done in accordance wit...

The S.R. Bommai v. Union of India case is a judicial milestone that redefined the contours of federalism, secularism, and democracy within the Indian constitutional framework. In this landmark ...

This article explores the pivotal case of Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms, (2002) 5 SCC 294, which redefined the principles of transparency and accountability in Indian ele...

Article 393 of the Constitution of India states, "This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India." While the article may seem a mere formal declaration, it holds profound i...

The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, is one of the most significant legislations in India aimed at promoting transparency and accountability in governance. It empowers Indian citizens to a...

Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution represent two of the most powerful judicial tools available to citizens for the enforcement of fundamental rights and legal rights. While Article ...

All people are born with human rights, which are important for preserving freedom, justice, and human dignity in society. The Constitution of India, the main body of legislation governing the n...

John Bordley Rawls was an American moral and political philosopher in the liberal tradition. Rawls is considered to be one of the most influential political philosophers of the 20thcentuary. He...

The Indian criminal justice system has long grappled with issues of overcrowding and poor conditions in its prisons, particularly for undertrial prisoners who constitute a significant percentag...

The landmark case Re: Berubari Union and Exchange of Enclaves, AIR 1960 SC 845 serves as a foundational legal reference on the question of territorial cession and sovereignty under the Indian C...

The case of Shankari Prasad Singh Deo v. Union of India (1951 AIR 458, 1952 SCR 89) represents a landmark moment in Indian constitutional law. This Supreme Court decision addresses the complex ...

The landmark case of Golak Nath vs. State of Punjab, AIR 1967 SC 1643, stands as a monumental judgment in Indian constitutional jurisprudence. This case, decided by an eleven-judge bench of the...

Article 39(b) of the Indian Constitution embodies a vision to prevent the concentration of wealth and ensure fair distribution of resources, which are termed "material resources of the communit...

The Supreme Court of India, in its ruling on November 4, 2024, dismissed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) filed in Kishan Chand Jain vs. Union of India & Anr., W.P.(C) No. 701/2024, which...

Indian states such as Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tripura, and Chhattisgarh have gone on to reserve 50 % of their Panchayat seats for women to ensure their greater participatio...

What Is Constitutional Borrowing?The term 'constitutional borrowing' refers to conjuring an act of original design, such as when drafters of a new charter supplement linguistics from another pe...

The beautiful and unique diversity of India became the centre of the constitutional assembly debates wherein a country that got independence from a two century old British raj and a country tha...

This paper critically examines the power of expulsion in Indian parliamentary law, challenging its characterization as an inherent privilege of the legislature, as upheld by the Supreme Court i...

Kavita Krishnan, Women's Right Activist has rightly quoted, "It is not just her freedom to choose, but her physical freedom has also been curtailed. She is effectively a prisoner at her father'...

Emergence of Second-Generation Rights In the 1980s, a legal battle commenced in the heart of Bombay that profoundly impacted the lives of not only the ones involved but also the entirety of In...

The caste system, social ordering process with complex structures, existent in India from a very early period of history, has impacted Indian laws in some or the other manners. This paper analy...

The Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) case is a constitutional milestone that redefined the interpretation of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. This case, which arose from the arbitra...

This article meticulously explores the 1978 landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India in Nandini Satpathy vs. P.L. Dani, a case pivotal in defining the contours of the right to remain sil...

India is a nation with rich traditions and culture that continue to influence how communities settle disputes or enforce order. They are a part of traditional practices that whatever their faul...

Let's understand one of the most important amendments in our constitution with the help of its historical context to understand its present scenario. In case of [Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha &...

A 'Government Company', can be understood as a company that has more than 51% of paid-up share capital held by the Central Government or by any State Government, or partly by the Central and pa...

Are personalized advertisements leading towards the potential breach of the right to privacy? Is tailored marketing paramount to personalized content or personalized contempt of privacy? Are th...

"Prisoners are not by mere reason of the conviction denuded of all the fundamental rights which they otherwise possess." - Supreme Court of India. The concept of life imprisonment ha...

In this article, we will delve into a detailed discussion on how laws are made in India, going beyond the simplified explanations commonly found online. The legislative process, often seen as a...

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA) introduces several new provisions that create challenges for courts, prisons, and police, impacting the...

The concept of a financial emergency in India, delineated under Article 360 of the Constitution, constitutes a critical aspect of the constitutional framework. This article elucidates the provi...

We will be dealing with Article 12 of The Indian Constitution which focuses on defining the term "State" as we all know that the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution is available a...

In a ground-breaking decision that reverberates through the corridors of political power, the Supreme Court has dealt a significant blow to the electoral financing system in India by ruling ele...

Indian young Lawyers association & others v. The state of Kerala & others (2018)The Sabarimala temple, located in Kerala's Western Ghats, is dedicated to Lord Ayyappa, a deity worshiped...

Sita Soren, a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) was accused in a bribery case for voting a specific candidate in 2012 elections of Rajya Sabha in lieu of some bribe accepted by her. Later ...

The concepts of "procedure established by law" and "due process of law" are fundamental to understanding individual rights and legal protections within a democratic society....

India's "One Nation, One Election" policy plan would make big changes to the way people vote, which could have a big effect on the country's federal structure. The idea is to organize...

Background: Mob lynching, although originating in Western culture, has seeped into Indian society, particularly due to heightened religious and cultural sensitivities surrounding cow protection. ...

This project report focuses on the right to a speedy trial under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework, examines relevant case laws,...

Sealed cover jurisprudence, a contentious legal practice in Indian courts, entails the submission of evidence or information to the judiciary in a sealed envelope, accessible solely to the pres...

Article 323A of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to establish administrative tribunals to adjudicate matters concerning public service disputes. These tribunals hold quasi-judicial a...

The Indian Constitution guarantees a wide array of fundamental rights, including the freedom of movement and residence within the country. Article 19(1)(e) confers upon citizens the right to re...

Transformative constitutionalism is a doctrine that allows constitutional interpretation to evolve in tandem with societal progress, particularly in advancing human rights and freedoms. In the ...

The Indian legal system, rooted in a rich tapestry of historical, cultural, and constitutional foundations, stands as a complex and dynamic entity shaping the world's largest democracy. This co...

Caste-Based Reservations and Affirmative Actions in India Caste-based reservations and affirmative actions are policies implemented in India to address historical and ongoing social and economic...

KS Puttaswamy CaseFacts Of The Case Even after the Act passed in 2016, the Aadhaar (Authentication) Regulations, 2016, the PML (Maintenance of Records) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2017, and all not...

The right to privacy is a fundamental human right that plays a crucial role in protecting individual autonomy and dignity. In the context of medical cases, privacy becomes even more significant...

India's judiciary has been at the forefront of ensuring justice, interpreting laws, and even directing the evolution of new legal principles. Over the years, the judiciary's role has transcende...

This paper explores the historical evolution of jurisprudence as a mechanism of social control, tracing its development from the Greek period to the contemporary era. The background highlights ...

"Transgender" people have a way of expressing themselves, describing their gender, or gender identity (knowing that you are a boy or girl) that doesn't always fit society's rules - that boys ar...

The Indian judiciary has become the most powerful institution of the State within 50 years of the Constitution's drafting, which could not have predicted by Indian constitution designers. Judic...

The Constitution of India has meticulously woven an intricate legal tapestry that establishes the contours of governance, rights, and duties. Article 12, which forms the bedrock of Part III of ...

The Basic Structure Doctrine remains one of the most vital and enigmatic constitutional doctrines in India's legal landscape. Established by the landmark decision in Kesavananda Bharti v. State...

In the digital age, transparency and accountability in the judicial system have become paramount concerns, particularly with regard to ensuring the accessibility of court proceedings. The semin...

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution stands as a monumental declaration of the fundamental values and objectives that underpin the Indian state. It functions as both a guiding beacon and a d...

"In its ruling in Indra Sawhney and others v. Union of India, the Supreme Court noted that there is no constitutional or legal prohibition against a State categorizing backward classes into sub...

In criminal law, self-incrimination is the act of making a statement that exposes oneself to an accusation of criminal liability or prosecution. Self-incrimination can occur either directly or ...

In the Indian legal system, RTI (right to information) and right to privacy are both very important rights. Though both are poles apart and have a very conflicting and unfriendly relationship w...

"It’s just really important that we start celebrating our differences. Let’s start tolerating first, but then we need to celebrate our differences." -Billie Jean King In India, homosexua...

Exemptions from disclosure of information are legal provisions that limit the right to access certain types of information, even under laws that promote transparency, such as the Right to Infor...

The Indian Constitution, known for its exhaustive framework, serves as the bedrock of governance in a federal structure. One of its most vital components is the Seventh Schedule, read conjointl...

The landmark judgment of Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1 SCC 248, is a watershed moment in Indian constitutional law. The ruling extended the scope of "personal liberty” under Artic...

Composition 249 of the Indian constitution is another composition that grants agency to the Congress to make laws. Composition 249 contains vittles to the authority that Congress has, to make l...

It strives to shape a society where every person can flourish without bias. It acts as a blueprint for governance that embraces inclusivity, underscoring the significance of constructive dialog...

The framing of the Indian Constitution was a monumental task, undertaken by the Constituent Assembly of India between 1946 and 1949. The sheer complexity of consolidating a diverse population u...

The concept of Due process was triggered by the abuse of power by government authorities. To ensure protection of the legal rights of the individuals from such arbitrariness "Due Process" acts ...

This article delves into the constitutional amendment that facilitated the signing of the India-Bangladesh Boundary Agreement analyzing its implications within the broader context of India's di...

As the supreme law of the land, the Constitution of India outlines the framework for the functioning of the government and its relationship with the citizens. One of the foundational provisions...

The author of the article has analysed the role of Law Commission in transforming India as a crucial aspect of legal research that delves into the impact of legislative recommendations and refo...

This paper analyzes caste discrimination in India, focusing on legal perspectives, evolution of rights, protective measures, and challenges. It examines the Indian Constitution's role in protec...

The sex scandal that rocked the Raj Bhavan in Kolkata is now at the door of the India's highest court. The Supreme Court sought a response from the Union government and the state of West Bengal...

The sex scandal that rocked the Raj Bhavan in Kolkata is now at the door of the India's highest court. The Supreme Court sought a response from the Union government and the state of West Bengal...

The landmark case of Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) dealt with the constitutionality of Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act). The judgment, rendered by the Supr...

In India, where many religious sects have historically adhered to their own personal rules governing marriage, divorce, inheritance and other family concerns the concept of a Uniform Civil Code...

Introduction to Schools of Law and JurisprudenceThe legal profession is an integral part of a greater concept: jurisprudence. It seeks to know the nature, purpose, and functioning of legal system...

In particular paper explains, the impact of Western culture on Indian culture in the twenty-first century will be the main topic of discussion in this article. Throughout the globalization age,...

This article delves into the complex relationship between law and morality, exploring how these two systems of regulation both intersect and diverge. Law is a formalized system of rules enforce...

Miss Mohini Jain .... Petitioner Versus State Of Karnataka And Ors. .... Respondent Facts Of The Case The Karnataka State Legislature, enacted the Karnataka Educational Institutions (Prohib...

Pardon is one of the many prerogatives that have been recognized since time immemorial as being vested in the sovereign, regardless of where sovereignty might lie. Whether the sovereign is an a...

The "creamy layer" concept is a pivotal part of India's affirmative action landscape, designed to ensure that reservations in education and employment benefit the most disadvantaged w...

The President holds a special place in the Indian political system. In contrast to the United States, where the President serves as both the head of state and government, the President of India...

On August 20, 2024, the Supreme Court of India is set to hear a suo motu case concerning the tragic rape and murder of a Post Graduate trainee doctor at a Kolkata hospital on August 9, 2024. Th...

Rape is defined as unconsented sexual activity, which is usually sexual relations, performed against the victim's will by force or threat of force, or involving a person who is incapable of pro...

MarriageMarriage is not simply a benefit or privilege. Rather, it forms the very basis of a couple's ability to fully participate in society. Marriage is a source of social validation, dignity,...

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has evolved into a potent instrument for the advancement of social justice and the protection of fundamental rights in India. It transcends traditional legal pr...

Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR), also referred to as Non-trial Resolutions or extrajudicial settlements, encompass various methods utilized to settle legal disputes without resorting to t...

The concept of the supremacy of law is a fundamental principle that asserts the law's ultimate authority in governing society. It ensures that all individuals, institutions, and government enti...

"The right to be let alone-the most comprehensive of right and the right most valued by civilized men." Justice Louis Brandeis's dictum captures the core of privacy, a notion that has...

The Uttarakhand Government recently made history by passing a Uniform Civil Code Bill in the State Assembly on the 6th of February. This groundbreaking bill includes provisions for recognizing ...

The doctrine of forum non conveniens is a concept in private international law that permits a court with the authority to hear a case to dismiss it if a more suitable forum exists. This princip...

Independent India inherited several laws from its colonial past, including the contentious sedition law, which has evolved judicially over time. Sedition laws generally prohibit actions or spee...

Common Law and Civil Law represent the two foremost legal systems globally. They exhibit significant differences in their foundational principles, sources of law, procedures, and methods of ach...

The Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in Gian Kaur's case held that the right to life, including the right to live with human dignity, encompasses the existence of such a right up to the ...

"If We Are To Make Real Progress On Centre-State Cooperation Politics Must Not Eclipse With Other Factors" Despite India being a functional democracy for over seven decades, the interplay of...

The doctrine of judicial precedent, also known as "stare decisis", is a cornerstone of common law systems. It mandates that courts follow previous judicial decisions when the same points of law...

In the latest turn of events the newly emerged opposition has demanded the position of the Deputy Speaker in India citing a constitutional convention. The present article attempts to examine wh...

The Right to vote is a constitutional right of every citizen of India under Article 326 of the Indian Constitution. Voting Rights are fundamental to a functioning democracy. There are many sect...

This Article explores the pathways and connections between constitutionalism, the rule of law, and social justice in India. It argues that Ambedkar's vision and the constitutional framework he ...

The constitution of various nations around the globe talk about Equality being the roots of the society in present times, well it would be totally wrong to completely deny it because we have co...

In 2015, in the fourth judge's case, the National Judicial Appointment Commission (hereafter NJAC) was held ultra-virus to the constitution of India. The authors of this paper try to delineate ...

The inclusion of fundamental rights in the constitution is to preserve certain rights of the individual, such as, Right to Life, liberty, freedom of speech, freedom of faith and so on. The obje...

On August 6, 2024, the Supreme Court of India allowed the subclassification of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), in a landmark ruling that could completely reshape India's quot...

India's reservation policies have been a cornerstone of its affirmative action program aimed at addressing historical injustices and ensuring social equity. These policies provide preferential ...

In 1978, a legal dispute unfolded in India as the President of India referred the Special Courts Bill, 1978 to the Supreme Court under Article 143(1) of the Constitution, seeking an examination...

Indian constitution is a unique constitution and it took 2 years 11 months and 17 days to write and enact the Indian constitution. Indian constitution is a constitution which is written and dra...

The Analysis Of the Sub-Classification Judgment On dated August 1st 2024, the seven judge bench of the Supreme Court delivered its verdict on the issue of sub-classification within the scheduled...

This paper explores the implementation of Uniform Civil Codes (UCCs) in various countries and examines the lessons India can draw from these global experiences. By analyzing Turkey's adoption o...

In India Article 32 and Article226 of Indian constitution mention about writs. Writs are constitutional remedies that can be issued by Supreme Court under Article 32 and by high court under Art...

Parliamentary Sovereignty is a fundamental concept in constitutional law which is primarily rooted in the British legal tradition. It refers to the principle that the Parliament as the supreme ...

Article 39A of the Indian Constitution embodies a crucial aspect of social justice by mandating the state to ensure that the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity and pr...

Criminal Appeal of No. 115 of 2009 This landmark judgment legalized passive euthanasia, which was for a long time considered as illegal or a matter of confusion. The case revolves around "Pass...

The term secularism is a cornerstone of modern politics, yet not well understood. The term denotes a state that does not have an official religion and a belief system that rejects religion to b...

This legal analysis delves into the seminal case of People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union of India, wherein the Supreme Court of India affirmed the right to negative voting, a pivo...

Governance in India, a country with multiple strong cultural identities and a huge population, is an uphill battle. The Constitution makers formulated a unique path of quasi-federalism to fit I...

Economic policies play a pivotal role in shaping a nation's development trajectory, affecting every facet of society from individual livelihoods to macroeconomic stability. In India, the judici...

Any discussion whatsoever with respect to the progress of the country especially India starts with the three pillars of democracy i.e legislative, executive and the judiciary and the fourth pil...

The landmark judgment in Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala crystallizes the constitutional guarantee of free speech under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution, affirming that the right t...

The right to privacy refers to individuals' ability to control their personal information and protect themselves from unwarranted intrusions. It encompasses the right to be left alone and live ...

The strategy of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has been developed to bring justice within easy reach of the poor and disadvantaged sections of the community. The grievances in a PIL action co...

Judicial review is a fundamental aspect of constitutional governance in India. It empowers the judiciary to ensure that the legislature and executive operate within the bounds of the Constituti...

Environmental issues in India have been escalating due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. To address these challenges, India has implemented a series of environmen...

The landmark judgment in L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India [AIR 1997 SC 1125] reinforced the inviolable principle that judicial review is an essential facet of the basic structure of the India...

This analysis delves into the Supreme Court of India's landmark decision in Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation [AIR 1986 SC 180], wherein the Court expanded the interpretation of the R...

This analysis delves into the seminal case of Selvi v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SC 1974, which elucidates the scope and limits of Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution concerning self-in...

The landmark judgment in E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu [AIR 1974 SC 555] revolutionized the interpretation of equality under the Indian Constitution by introducing the Doctrine of Non-Arb...

This article meticulously dissects the seminal case of Kesavananda Bharti v. State of Kerala, wherein the Supreme Court of India enunciated the doctrine of basic structure. The apex court affir...

Human rights are two simple words that, when combined, form the cornerstone of our existence. "Inalienable fundamental rights to which person is inherently entitled simply because she or h...

Citation: Common Cause (A Regd. Society) vs. Union of India and Anr. (2018) 5 SCC 1, AIR 2018 SC 1665 Jurisdiction: Supreme Court of India ...

Common law systems are fundamentally based on the idea of judicial precedent. It is a crucial tool for the creation and implementation of the law, giving judges and other legal professionals le...

Regarding the constitutionality of legislation, particularly Section 6 of the HMG Act, it should be noted that the validity of legislation is to be presumed. Law courts should make efforts to r...

Era of Euthanazation of the Constitutional Rights and Liberty - Loss of Constitutional Right - "Confront the Accuser" - Evidence at Designated Places. The right to fair and transparent trial, w...

Hugo Grotius was a Republican philosopher who was born in the Netherlands. As the founder of the philosophical school of jurisprudence, he is revered. Grotius asserted in his well-known book "T...

Uniform Civil Code: A Legal ImperativeThe concept of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is enshrined in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, which mandates that "the State shall endeavour to secure f...

"Though the country and the people may be divided into different states for convenience of administration, the country is one integral whole, its people a single people living under a single im...

Case Analysis: Kaushal Kishor V. State Of Uttar Pradesh W.P. (Cr) No. 113/2016 Bench Composition: Hon'ble. Justice S. Abdul Nazeer Hon'ble. Justice B.R. Gavai H...

The transparency and accountability of judicial function form the cornerstone of a robust and effective legal system, ensuring public trust and upholding the principles of justice. This abstrac...

The Writ of Habeas Corpus is a fundamental legal safeguard against arbitrary detention, ensuring that no individual is deprived of liberty without due process of law. This article examines the ...

Since the 17th century, if not earlier, human thinking has been veering round to the theory that man has certain essential, basic, natural and inalienable rights or freedoms and it is the funct...

The term "writ" refers to a written legal order that is formal in nature and is issued by such a body that has administrative or judicial jurisdiction. In today's time, courts are con...

Each and every individual is constitutionally guaranteed a right to life, under which comes the implicit realm of entailed rights, like the Right to Health for one. The right to health covers q...

Since ancient times, natural law thought has played an important role in the realms of ethics, politics, and law. Natural law theory's global validity is what makes it so compelling. It is rega...

Article 143 of the Indian Constitution grants the President the power to consult the Supreme Court. According to Order XLII, Rule 1 of the Supreme Court Rules (2013), upon receiving a reference...

The Indian Constitution did not come into being in a single day; rather, it evolved over several decades prior to India's independence in 1947. From its beginnings in the freedom movement, the ...

On January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution came into effect, establishing the Republic of India. The Indian Constitution is a written constitution that is the largest in the world. It offers ...

In relation to the constitutionality of legislation, particularly Section 6 of the HMG Act, it is important to recognize that the validity of legislation is presumed. Courts should prioritize r...

In India, the Kirpan, a ceremonial sword or dagger carried by baptized Sikhs, is protected under the Constitution of India. Specifically, Article 25 of the Constitution guarantees the freedom o...

The judiciary is a cornerstone of democratic governance, interpreting and applying laws to uphold justice and ensure that government actions are within constitutional bounds. Two contrasting ph...

India, that is Bharat is a Union of States, this is what the very 1st Article of our constitution talks about, the essence of India lies in the States[1]. Every state has its own Chief Minister...

Article 15 of the Indian Constitution is a fundamental provision that seeks to prevent discrimination and promote equality among all citizens. It plays a significant role in ensuring that every...

Article 14 of the Indian constitution guarantees the right to equality to the every citizen of India. Articles 14 represent the general principles of equality before law and prohibit unrealisti...

Case Analysis: Balaji Raghavan v. Union of India, (1996) 1 SCC 361The case of Balaji Raghavan v. Union of India, (1996) 1 SCC 361 , presents a profound constitutional discourse surrounding Articl...

The Constitution of India is the most important law of the country and is a carefully drafted document that defines the essential framework of the country's basic principles, structural organiz...

The legal Maxim "Fiat Justitia Ruat Caelum" underscores the principle that justice must be pursued no matter the consequences. Judicial review embodies this principle by ensuring that the actio...

This article offers a comprehensive legal and historical analysis of the genesis and formation of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Through a meticulous examination of the region's historical ev...

The Rule of Law is a fundamental principle that underpins governance in civilized, democratic societies. It ensures equality before the law, prevents arbitrary use of power, and secures a nonar...

The present case discloses the need to reiterate that "access to justice" is vital for the rule of law, which by implication includes the right of access to an independent judiciary. The stay o...

Supriyo @ Supriya Chakraborty & Anr. v Union of India[1] Judgement: 17/10/2023 Judges: Justice D.Y Chandrachud, Justice S.R Bhatta, Justice S.K Kaul. Justice Narasimha, Justice Hima Kohli ...

While the world's peoples affirm, among other things, in the United Nations Charter their commitment to creating the conditions necessary to uphold justice in order to foster international coop...

The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its cit...

Public examinations are critical for determining the academic and professional trajectories of millions of students. Ensuring their integrity is paramount to maintain trust in the education sys...

The cases of the political party splitting from the major faction have been rampant for a few years. Either we trace the crisis in Maharashtra between the Eknath Shinde and the Uddhav Thackeray...

After dozing off in the last ten years of the 20th century in the archives of India's constitutional history, the discussion of the "basic structure" of the Constitution has resurface...

Objective Of This Article In this article, we will try to understand how the preamble of The Constitution of India and the " Basic Structure Doctrine" Is connected and how this doctrin...

India enacted the judicial appointment procedure in 2014 with the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014 (NJAC Act) and the One Hundred and Twenty First Amendment Act, 2014. The NJ...

The article "Vicissitudes and Limitations of the Doctrine of Basic Structure" by Setu Gupta, which appeared in the ILI Law Review's Winter 2016 issue, will be summarised and examined in this re...

'Uniform Civil Code is the need of the hour for India's progress and unity'. - B.R. Ambedkar The Uniform Civil Code has been an argumentative issue in Indian society, reflecting the tension ...

This article explores the importance of judicial independence in ensuring democracy and the rule of law. It cites Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud's views on the subject, emphasizing the need for...

The expression 'Personal Liberty' in Article 21 has broad scope, encompassing various rights that constitute an individual's personal liberty. Some of these rights have been elevated to the sta...

Reservations based on economic criteria are crucial for ensuring equitable opportunities in society, particularly in a country like India where economic disparities persist alongside social ine...

The Constitution of India very clearly provides the legislature with the task to make law for the better governance of the country. Following the ideals of democracy, our Constitution provides ...

A society with the rule of law is one in which everyone can access justice, no one is above the law, including the government, and laws safeguard fundamental rights. It suggests a set of unifor...

The ability of a nation's courts to investigate and assess whether the legislative, executive, and administrative departments of government are acting in accordance with the Constitution is kno...

A lack of faith, a lack of accountability, and the buildup of forces from various organs can result from the concentration of power in a small number of hands, which can impact the nation's ove...

Definition: The concept of 'intra vires' refers to actions taken by entities operating within the boundaries of their legal authority. This legal framework applies to various entities, includi...

Men's right activist disputes that men's as a group have institutional power and privilege and believe that they don't have legal rights further more they say that they don't have proper remedi...

The Home Minister of India Mr. Amit Shah introduced a bill in the Parliament which is meant to replace the three codes that are the core of the criminal justice system in India: the Indian Pena...

The inclusion of fundamental rights in the constitution stemmed from their recognition as indispensable for nurturing the development of individual personalities and safeguarding human dignity....

The clash over the period taken in a decision by the court had always been a highly debated issue. The issue over the delay in the orders and judgments are not only because of burdening of case...

The case of K.M. Nanavati v. The State of Maharashtra is inscribed in the history of Indian lawas a defining moment, transcending the confines of a routine legal dispute. This landmark case not...

The Menaka Gandhi case, formally known as Menaka Gandhi vs. Union of India (1978), stands as a landmark legal precedent in the annals of Indian jurisprudence. The case revolves around the funda...

Secularism is an English philosophy developed during time of Enlighten Movement in Europe. It was first coined by George Jacob Holyoake in 1851. To him Secularism is a social order separate fro...

The quote by Lord Acton "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" underscores the dangers of unchecked authority. When power is concentrated without oversight it can...

Understanding Article 19(1)(a):Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution is not a mere clause; it is a resounding declaration that echoes through the corridors of democracy, shaping the very ...

"Every democratic nation before gaining its independence has gone through a phase of drastic social revolution so as to bring values of equality and fraternity in their society but my Indi...

The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) was enacted by the Indian Parliament on December 29, 1999, to align with the frameworks of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It governs foreign exch...

A democratic government is always by the people, of the people and for the people. India is the largest democratic country. The democracy in India is supported by three pillars; the executive, ...

Judicial review in IndiaJudicial review is a fundamental aspect in any of the present democratic societies, including India. It serves as a crucial mechanism for checking the constitutionality ...

Euthanasia is a combination of two words of Greek origin EU and Thanos. Eu means good and Thanos means death. It is the concept of good death. What it means is that when a person cannot be cure...

Writs are legal orders issued by a court, directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something. They are a fundamental aspect of the judicial system, serving as a tool to enforc...

What is the correct course to follow when we are faced with a decision which decides in a particular way but does not refer to any statutory provision, decides contrary to statute or ignores re...

Facial recognition technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the recent years with hits application spanning across a wide range of sectors. From improving security measures to facilitating ...

The Bilkis Bano case is one of the shockingly evil acts that happened in the Gujarat riots in 2002. As we see in India the most common crime which is suffered by women is rape. And the judicial...

What is the correct course to follow when we are faced with a decision which decides in a particular way but does not refer to any statutory provision, decides contrary to statute or ignores re...

Euthanasia is a combination of two words of Greek origin EU and Thanos. Eu means good and Thanos means death. It is the concept of good death. What it means is that when a person cannot be cure...

In India, reservation has been the most important social reform aimed at reducing historical discord, and trying to provide better educational and employment opportunities to historically margi...

In recent years, the proliferation of digital surveillance has sparked significant debate about its implications for constitutional rights. Digital surveillance, encompassing activities like in...

Bench & Quorum: L. Nageswara Rao, Hemant Gupta Procedural History of the Case: The reservation policy is a traditional idea that has been implemented in India for a very lo...

Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart (1907-1992) was a distinguished legal philosopher whose groundbreaking work, 'The Concept of Law' (1961), revolutionized jurisprudence. Hart's theory of jurispruden...

The concept of homosexuality was prevalent in India during the ancient times. We can trace the queerness back to the Indian history, scriptures to the medieval prose, poetry, and architecture. ...

This study explores the vital role that an impartial judiciary plays in constitutional democracies and how important it is to maintaining peace, prosperity, and the preservation of human righ...

All of the three branches' duties, obligations, and powers are clearly defined, thanks to the idea of separation of powers. Additionally, it functions as a system of responsible administration ...

Austin's Theory of Jurisprudence, a foundational work in the field of jurisprudence formulated by John Austin, a renowned British legal philosopher in the 19th century, is widely recognized as ...

The year 2020 saw Hong Kong's political and social scene permanently altered with the introduction of China's National Security Law (NSL). This particular law was a direct reply to the pro-demo...

Janhit Abhiyan is a landmark judgment that dealt with the issue of reservation of seats for the EWS [1] section. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment [2] created controversy in context with reser...

Prostitution is one of the oldest professions in the world. It is essentially a form of trade that involves rendering sexual services for payment either in money or other valuables. It is also ...

Interpretation is the primary function of a court. The court interprets the legislature4 whenever a dispute comes before it. Since the will of the legislature is expressed generally in the form...

The rule of law, a cornerstone principle of democracy, dictates that all individuals and institutions, including the state, regardless of their power or status, are bound by and accountable to ...

The German judiciary enjoys a high level of independence, enshrined in the constitution. This ensures impartial justice and protects judges from undue influence. They are appointed based on mer...

Background Of The Case The petitioners, M/S R.M.D.C., have been running prize tournaments in Mysore since 1948. Their operations were governed by the Mysore Lotteries and Prize Competitions Co...

India's caste reservation system, though initially designed to promote social equity, is now in need of serious reform. Addressing its shortcomings is crucial for fostering genuine equality and...

According to Sir John Salmond, A 'Precedent' is said to be a Judicial decision which contains its principles. The stated principle which thus forms its authoritative element is called the Ratio...

The regulation of hate speech presents a significant challenge in constitutional law, requiring a delicate balance between protecting free expression and safeguarding individuals and communitie...

Whether female engaged/appointed on contractual basis/Ad hoc / Temporary / Daily Rated / On Muster Roll is entitled to maternity benefits and is entitled to all medical, monetary and other bene...

"I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible".1 India is a land of...

The independence of the judiciary serves as a fundamental pillar of democratic governance, enabling it to serve as a watchdog over the executive and legislative branches. This principle is embe...

Any sort of speech, deed, or writing that stirs up animosity towards the status quo and jeopardizes the nation's enduring peace is considered to be seditious. Sedition is defined as "conduct or...

Procedural Law:The legal framework concerning litigation practices adopted formal procedures over time which resulted in the use of procedural law today to facilitate fair and expedient legal p...

Minorities all over the world religious or linguistic or ethnic have been constitutionally recognised as groups which need special or exclusive rights to be at par with the majority. Indian Con...

Citizenship refers to the relationship between a state and its individual where an individual owes commitment and is authorized to safety and protection. Responsibilities upheld with the acquis...

The concept of Constitutionalism is central to the functioning of a healthy democracy. It is a philosophical concept that is essential for a democracy and republic. The ideal ensures that liber...

The law is constantly evolving, shaped by the interplay of legal principles, societal values, and judicial interpretations. This essay will examine the key drivers of this evolution, including ...

The Doctrine of Basic Structure evolved through series of verdicts in India, one such case was of Shankari Prasad Vs. Union of India. This case was result of the ongoing struggles between the j...

A recent news story (May 12th) about a Hindu couple choosing the Indian Constitution as their marriage foundation sparked a fascinating question: could the Constitution be even more progressive...

Article 356(3) is conceived as a check on the power of the President and also as a safeguard against abuse. In the case where both Houses of Parliament disapprove or do not approve the proclama...

Constitutional Clash: Balancing Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights The interaction between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in India presents a dynamic...

The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023 is a significant piece of legislation aimed at increasing women's representation in the Indian Parliament and state legisla...

Facts: This is a case of criminal contempt on the part of Mr. Vinay Chandra Mishra when, on 9th March 1994 the case of M/s Bansal Forgings Ltd v. UP Financial Corporation was being heard. The ...

The debate around religion-based reservations in India is a complex issue that has been reignited during the election season. The discussion revolves around the constitutional validity and soci...

"May the well-being of all people be protected By the powerful and mighty leaders be with law and justice." The historical development of Indian legal systems and the basic ideas of Indian j...

Judicial Discipline is a very crucial to Justice System of India. It ensures order, consistency, and public trust in courts. It involves hierarchy and precedent rule of stare decisis. Lower cou...

In P.A. Inamder vs. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2005 SC 3226, the Supreme Court delivered a judgment on 31.10.2002, elucidating the minority status and the issue of autonomy of educational instit...

It was stated that regardless of the outcome of the case, at least with regard to the thumb impression-which, given the ruling of the Supreme Court, may even be obtained under duress-that would...

The voter's right to know the antecedents of candidates is based on the interpretation of Article 19(1)(a), which provides that all citizens of the country have the fundamental right to "f...

By enforcing numerous rules, the State upholds the social order framework, without which well-ordered social life would be impossible. Many social contract theorists believe that upholding and ...

Slavery and any other conduct that compromises an individual's freedom and dignity are forbidden by Indian law. However, some people continue to believe that they are better than other people. ...

The Indian judiciary has been essential in safeguarding the constitutional rights of the people, and it has attempted to give certain rights-such as the right to a fair trial and a swift trial-...

All men are created equal and with some fundamental rights from their creator. These rights are primarily the right to life and liberty, but they can also be taken away from someone and punishe...

Hijab, a covering worn by Muslim women, sparks debates worldwide, including in India. It's more than just a piece of fabric; it's tied to tradition, modern life, and identity. The word "hija...

This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive study on the principles of Indian jurisprudence. It explores the historical development of Indian legal systems and delves into the nature an...

The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights places great emphasis on the principles of freedom, equality, and nondiscrimination. "Right is an interned recognized, protected, and enforce...

One of the main articles in Part III of the Indian Constitution that addresses fundamental rights is Article 21. Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines the enforceable rights against the...

Statements made by judges and academics about the idea that someone should be shielded from double jeopardy frequently either assume or subtly imply that the rule has a solid theological basis ...

The Constitution of India guarantees freedom of speech and expression to every citizen as a fundamental right. While guaranteeing such freedom, it also provides under Article 129 that the Sup...

On the 28th of January 2024, Nitish Kumar's departure from the Mahagathbandhan alliance and the I.N.D.I.A. bloc ensued, culminating in his ninth swearing-in ceremony as the chief minister of Bi...

India is a diverse country with different religions, faiths, castes, languages, cultures, etc. This Pluralist society includes both the minority groups and the majority groups. Therefore, 'Equa...

Generally, a Central Law becomes operative on the day the President signs it. In a similar vein, a State Law takes effect the day the Governor signs it. The commencement of a statute designates...

The fact that India is a diverse country is widely known. As William J. Duiker put it, "A land of diversity" It is clear from both its languages and cultures as well as from its physical traits...

"Creamy layer principle and why it should be applicable on schedule castes and schedule tribes" Abstract: The question is of paramount importance that whether still in 2024 each and every p...

The Rule of Law is the fundamental principle of governance for any civilized democratic polity. Our constitutional scheme is based upon the concept of the Rule of Law, which we have adopted and giv...

In December 2019, the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) was passed in our country, which offers a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan who...

The introduction of technology and the ongoing development of communication channels have fundamentally altered how we share and communicate. Concerns regarding surveillance and privacy have ...

ADR's motive is to provide socio-economic and political justice, and to maintain integrity in society as enshrined in the preamble. ADR also strives to achieve equal justice and free legal aid ...

Article 39A of the Constitution, which is a Directive Principle of State Policy, provides that the State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards ensuring that the citizens, men an...

The scope of the right to life conferred by Article 21 is wide and far reaching. It does not mean merely that life can not be extinguished or taken away, as, for example, ,by the imposition and exe...

Over the next decade, the impact of women on the global economy as producers, entrepreneurs, employees and consumers could be at least as significant as that of China's one billion people. In A...

Every democratic society is built on the fundamental principle of freedom of speech and expression. The right to open communication and the ability to learn from others are fundamental componen...

Diverse constitutions across the globe differ in their structures, rights, and powers of governance. Ranging from the United States Constitution, whose provisions are elaborate, to the European...

This essay explores the complex relationship between social justice and India's legal system, specifically focusing on the constitutional requirements. By conducting a thorough examination, it ...

A law student could gain a more perspicacious understanding of law if he views the law from a "bad man's" point of view and thereby recognizes the dichotomy between law and morality. This artic...

The sweep of the right to life conferred by Article 21 is expansive and far-reaching. It does not merely imply that life cannot be extinguished or taken away, as, for example, by the imposition and...

As a court of appeal, the Supreme Court is the final appellate tribunal of the land. The power of reviewing and revising the orders of courts and tribunals by the Supreme Court is called Appell...

In 1948, as the Constitution of India was being drafted and the principles of pluralism were under discussion, one particular social reform emerged as a contentious issue. It caused a split wit...

Electoral reforms and political funding are the most essential aspects of any democratic set up. It makes the election process fair and transparent while maintaining the sanctity of the politic...

I've had the chance to talk about how these kinds of restrictions on one's personal freedom are not only permissible but also covered in the Constitution's section on fundamental rights in rece...

Objects of the Principles of Natural Justice:Natural justice, also referred to as procedural fairness, is a legal doctrine that covers the most important procedural rights to ensure impartial and...

The Supreme Court of India holds a fundamental role in upholding the Constitution and ensuring the protection of individual rights through the issuance of specific judicial orders known as writ...

One of the most contentious powers granted to the administration in India is the ability to enact ordinances. This authority is intended to be utilized exclusively in emergency situations and s...

Rule of law is a legal concept which doesn't have a precise meaning. Anything commendable, rules and regulations, made to govern the people are Rule of law. It has gone through several evolutio...

India is a democratic country where no one is above the law. But what about lawmakers i.e., President and Judges. One who make law and other who supervise the law. Their might get chances that ...

Case Comment: Vishaka And Ors. V. State Of RajasthanBrief Facts the case: The immediate cause for filing the writ petition was an incident of alleged brutal gang rape of a social worker in a vil...

Writ Petition in Public Interest A writ petition in public interest invoking extraordinary original jurisdiction under Article 32 of the Constitution read with Order XXXVII Rules 1 and 12(1) (d) (...

The article deals with the intricacies of the women's reservation law in India. The present law promises 30 per cent women reservation in the state legislature and union parliament. Examining t...

The idea of ultra vires has its roots in ancient Rome. In the 19th century, it came to the fore in corporate law as a safeguard against corporations' actions beyond their objectives. This conce...

Certain religious and linguistic minorities are guaranteed the right to culture and education under Articles 29 and 30 of the Indian Constitution. A portion of the population's language, script...

Formal Science: In the context of "formal science," it typically refers to disciplines that are concerned with formal systems, abstract structures, and logical reasoning, rather than...

The notion of whether "law is blind" or has "opened its eyes" encapsulates a nuanced debate within legal philosophy and practice. It reflects ongoing discussions about the f...

The Modus Operandi For Filling A PIL Can Be Divided In To Two Ways: Filing: A PIL is filed in the same manner as a writ petition is filed either in the Supre Court ( Article 32) or in the Hi...

Live in Relationship Law In India, cohabitation is becoming more and more common; this is a reflection of the changing cultural norms and views around marriage and relationships. Cohabitation ...

In 1932, the Supreme Court of the United States introduced the concept of prospective overruling in the case of Great Northern Railway v. Sunburst Oil and Refining Co. The Court asserted that i...

Quo Warranto: Unveiling Authority The term "Quo Warranto" originates from Latin, meaning "by what authority or warrant." This legal concept involves a writ issued by a court ...

The 1884 legal case of R v. Dudley and Stephens is a well-known example of English criminal law. It involved a difficult and morally challenging situation. The case revolved around four individ...

John Austin, a 19th century British jurist, proposed a theory of sovereignty that has become a fundamental concept in both political theory and jurisprudence. This theory centres on the notion ...

Equal Employment Opportunity or EEO is an idea where each employee is treated equally and given equal and unbiased treatment, irrespective of an employee's ethnic origin, political association,...

The Bill was one of the poll promises of the BJP during Assembly elections in Uttarakhand in 2022. President Draupadi Murmur has passed the State's Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, 2024, makin...

Minorities are the groups that exist every where in the world. India is a democratic country. It is difficult to assume any democratic country without any Minority. The definition of minority i...

They are discretionary writs, but the principles for issuing such writs are well defined. In the preconstitutional era, the jurisdiction to issue the prerogative writs was enjoyed only by three cha...

Facts: Article 14, 15, 16,17, 29, 30, 32, 45, and 46. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act 2019 EWS Reservation The fact of the present case are that, the government of India passed a new...

Classic Example of Precedent as a Source of Law:One of the most notable illustrations of precedent as a source of law in the United States is the 'Brown v. Board of Education' (1954) case. It cal...

Positive Law:Positive law is a collection of legal rules and principles that are officially enacted, recognized, and enforced by governmental authorities in a specific jurisdiction. It differs ...

The right to live a free, full and dignified life is one of the most basic principles of human existence. Every person is entitled to live their life on their own terms, with no unfair interfer...

Defection by legislators occurs in many democracies. It can be argued that they can undermine the stability of the cabinet, which is dependent on the support of elected legislators. The argumen...

The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023 was passed by the Central Government. It resulted in the nullification of the Judgement of the Constitutional B...

A state of emergency is characterised by a national government that suspends or modifies the regular operations of the state by suspending the Constitution and other government agencies. A s...

In this essay, we will examine the concept of the evolution of the rule of law in India. We will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the rule of law, as well as how it applies in both the Con...

Public Interest Litigation (PIL), in simple words, refers to litigation for the benefit of public interest. It can be filed in any Court of Law by any public-spirited person to protect public i...

The question raised in the petition was that, Whether Chapter 22 of UP Regulations infringes Fundamental Rights under Article 19 and Article 21?[3] Summary of Dissenting Opinion Kharak Singh ...

Legally, a 'minor' is an individual who has not yet reached the age of majority, typically set at 18 years old in most legal systems. This age serves as a dividing line between childhood and ad...

Constitutionality of the Electoral Bond Scheme Association for Democratic Reforms v Union of India Citation: 2024 INSC 113 "The Supreme Court held that the Electoral Bond Scheme was uncon...

According to the principle of judicial hierarchy, higher courts have authority over lower courts within the judicial system, and as such, lower courts are bound to follow the decisions and prec...

languagelaw_9223843057.jpgThis paper helps in understanding the nature of the Constitution in India. As we know India is the seventh largest country in the world and second most populous countr...

The Unlawful Activities (Prevention)Act, 1967 is a law aimed at the prevention of unlawful activities association in India. Its main objective was to give powers to central institutions for dea...

Citizenship is the bond that exists between a person and a state, to which the person owes loyalty and is consequently entitled to the protection of that state. Citizenship denotes a position o...

Rights and obligations are intertwined threads that make up a thriving society in the tapestry of democratic principles. While rights provide people authority, duties direct those same people's...

Amidst the intricate web of rights and obligations that characterize citizenship, Article 51A of the Indian Constitution stands out as a guiding principle, knitting together the core fabric of ...

India, with its diverse cultural and religious landscape, has long grappled with the challenge of harmonizing personal laws governing various communities. The call for a Uniform Civil Code (UCC...

Right to life and personal liberty are the most essential and important right of human being. Every constitution in the world assures the right to life. It is the foundation of rights, also we ...

The right to information act 2005 is a landmark legislation in India the empowers citizens to access information held by public authorities. It was enacted on October 12 2005.The right to infor...

The right to information act 2005 is a landmark legislation in India the empowers citizens to access information held by public authorities. It was enacted on October 12 2005. The right to i...

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, also known as the 'Right to Equality', is understood by most people here, even after 73 years of independence. our country is not able to gain actual inde...

Rights are fundamental entitlements granted to all individuals without discrimination based on caste, religion, gender or any other attribute. Article 21 of the Indian constitution ensures the ...

In the digital age, access to information is the foundation of democracy. India's enactment of the Right to Information Act (RTI ACT) 2005 is a milestone legislation that promotes translucency,...

This article aims to understand the act as well as analyses and examine the objectives and the significance of the act. It has a key focus on the preventive detention laws in India when compare...

The role of the Supreme Court is essential in the constitutional system in India. The most important responsibility is to ensure that laws are fairly administered and to make sure that no citiz...

Custom is a source of law that refers to established behavioural patterns within a society that are widely recognized and followed as legally binding norms, even if they are not formally writte...

" No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law." Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the fundamental ...

Citizenship as the name defines is the relationship between individuals and state. A citizen of a state is a person who enjoys full civil and political rights. It begins and ends with the state...

You're a citizen of India. You have fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution. But did you know you also have fundamental duties? These duties are laid out in Article 51-A and are meant...

The legislation of Article 23 in Hong Kong recently has led to a heated debate regarding its potential infringement on the rights and freedoms of speech and expression. The law, which became ef...

As we all know India is a democratic country and we live in era where every things are being digitalized from north pole to south pole, be it America , Japan and China . This paper will discuss...

The legal doctrine of forum non conveniens permits a court to determine that another court may be more suitable for adjudicating a case. This is typically employed when a court determines that ...

In India, reservation focuses on reserving seats in government offices, educational institutions, and even legislatures for forceful populations. Reservation is also referred to as a positive d...

The Supreme Court of India established by Article 124 of the Constitution which specifies it's jurisdiction and power's and enables Parliament to confer further Jurisdiction and power's on it. ...

Welcome, avid readers and legal enthusiasts, to a thought-provoking exploration of constitutional matters that have set the stage with debates and controversies. In this gripping blog post, we ...

The literal rule of interpretation of statutes gives preference to the precise language used in a statute or law under scrutiny. It requires that the words be given their ordinary, grammatical,...

The 42nd Amendment to India's Constitution is like a major update. It happened in 1976, during a tough time called the Emergency. People also call it the "Mini Constitution." So, the ...

In the realm of laws, there are two kinds: those that look back and those that look forward. Retrospective laws look back in time, changing the rules for things that happened before the laws we...

All constitutional functionaries have their own constitutional duties in making appointment of judges to the superior judiciary, the role of one of the principle constitutional functionaries, n...

As a fundamental notion in constitutional law, the principle of constitutional interpretation governs the standards that judges must employ when deciphering the text of a constitution. Constitu...

Judicial review in its most basic of sense refers to the reviewing of acts issued by the legislature, or the executive, scrutinizing their consistency with the high laws, primarily the Magna Ca...

The term 'secular' means being separate from religion. A secular person is one who have the equal respect to all religions. In the term of the secular state, the state has no religion or the st...

In any democratic society, the cornerstone lies in the protection of individual liberties and the pursuit of equality and justice. The Indian Constitution encapsulates these principles through ...

The legal concept of Repugnancy is applicable in federal systems such as India, where powers are divided between the central government and state governments. To illustrate this principle, let'...

The study of analytical school of jurisprudence delves into the examination of the essence of law, its concepts, and its principles through the application of logical reasoning and linguistic a...

The phrase "Other Backward Class" is used by the Indian government to refer to castes that have social or educational disadvantages. Along with the General Class, Scheduled Castes, and Schedule...

Indian courts grant writs of different natures for the protection of fundamental rights and ensuring justice. A writ cannot be issued by a court subordinate or lower to the High Court. The five...

Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties:The Indian Constitution contains two crucial elements - fundamental rights and fundamental duties - that play distinct but complementary roles in shaping...

An emergency is an extreme situation when The President of India makes the final decision and declares an emergency when the nation's constitutional machinery fails to the point where it cannot...

The Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November, 1949 and came into force on 26th January, 1950 contains a Preamble which outlines its fundamental frame...

Judiciary is the protector of Fundamental Rights and also the guardian of the Constitution. Judiciary got many powers: one of which is Judicial Review. Judiciary protects Fundamental Right with...

The discussion centers around the concept of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India, exploring its historical background, intersection with fundamental rights, and the challenge of balancing rel...

Cross Voting and Liability of Wining Candidate / Party - A Questionnaire I don't think anyone will disagree that the state of democratic process and election of RS members in UP and Haryana has...

The civil code refers to a set of laws that govern personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. These laws are the same for every citizen of the country, irrespective ...

Two distinct approaches to shaping a nation's legal framework and principles of governance are embodied by a written constitution and an unwritten constitution. A written constitution takes ...

Rigid Constitution:A rigid constitution is distinguished by strict protocols for modification, usually demanding substantial agreement or special majorities to modify fundamental laws. It frequ...

Salmond's Theory of Jurisprudence is a concept derived from the legal philosophy formulated by John William Salmond, an eminent jurist and scholar in the field of law who lived during the last ...

Marxist theory of jurisprudence offers a framework for examining law as a tool of social subjugation and oppression in capitalist societies. At its core, this theory asserts that law serves the...

As per the law that we are following now constitution is made upon certain basic structure which actually relay upon the development and progress of the country. In accordance to the controvers...

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizen JUSTICE, social, economic and polit...

Ownership:Possession refers to the legal right of a person to keep, use, manage, and get rid of property. It implies having all rights and control over a certain property, which can be physical...

The Indian Constitution is a constantly evolving and extensive legal text that acts as the highest form of law in India, providing a structure for the nation's administration and outlining the ...

The study of jurisprudence is similar to that of the philosophy of law, as it delves into fundamental concepts of what the law ought to be and its relationship to equity and morality. It is pri...

The evolutionary theory of law has an intriguing similarity between the processes of biological evolution and the emergence of legal systems. Much like organisms adapt to changing environments ...

The case of St. Xavier's College v. State of Gujarat stands at the intersection of constitutional law, educational autonomy, and the protection of minority rights in the diverse and culturally ...

Electoral Bond Scheme - A Questionnaire In the Constitution Bench Judgment by which the Electoral Bond Scheme was declared unconstitutional, many question remained hush - i.e. whether the sc...

Through Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, every person has been provided with the right to life. The right to life not only refers to the existence of breathing, but also includes a number...

Marriage is considered a sacred institution in India, as it provides legal recognition to two couples that they are partners to each other. Marriage can be registered through various Acts suc...

The Sabarimala Temple case in Kerala is about the contention between women's rights and custom. The situation is connected with the deep-rooted traditions and the SC's decision that supremacy t...

The essential attributes of a good law may be classified as follows: Clarity and Precision: The hallmark of a good law is its clear and precise language, as ambiguity can lead to confusion and u...

Individuals have the right under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution to petition the Supreme Court for justice if they believe their rights have been "unduly denied." As the "protector and gu...

The erosion of democracy and the transition to dictatorship is a complex process that can unfold gradually, involving a series of calculated moves, political schemes, and structural changes. In...

Can Film Stars Influence Foreign Policy and Making of Laws? Influence of Film Stars on Foreign Policy: Public Advocacy: Film stars are able to raise awareness on global issues and shape p...

Lawfare:Lawfare is a complex concept that involves the strategic utilization of legal mechanisms and institutions to achieve objectives that go beyond traditional legal goals. It involves a com...

Some Peculiar Laws of the World Various countries have distinctive laws that reflect their unique cultural, historical, and social backgrounds. These laws may appear bizarre to outsiders, but ...

This paper explores the legal implications of religious conversion on burial rights in India. Through an analysis of constitutional provisions, statutory laws, and judicial precedents, it exami...

Analysing Unique Aspects of Constitutions of Different Countries of the World The analysis of unique aspects of constitutions of different countries of the world is presented below: Bhutan: ...

The constantly evolving field of jurisprudence is adapting to modern complexities and opportunities, as shown by emerging trends. An important development is the incorporation of interdisciplin...

The Basic Law, also known as the German Constitution, has played a significant role in shaping the country's post-war democracy and fostering stability. However, it has also faced criticism and...

"The removal of untouchability is one of the highest expressions of Ahimsa" -- Mahatma Gandhi Introduction The topic of untouchability is not new it came into force before the Independence....

In India rights of Accused are mentioned and are enshrined in the Indian Constitution and various other legal statutes .these rights are given to the accused to provide them fair chance or fair...

The complex process of creating laws in democratic societies is significantly shaped by political and majoritarian factors. The alignment of laws with the ruling party or majority's political i...

In the intricate realm of constitutional law in India, the right to life and personal liberty, enshrined under Article 21, stands as a cornerstone, emphasizing the essence of individual freedom...

Definition: Jurisprudence is the guiding force behind the legal system, providing the philosophy and theories that underpin our laws. It acts as a wise mentor, raising important questions abou...

The doctrine of basic structure is considered to be a remarkable innovation to the theory of constitutionalism in that it has limited the powers of parliament over constitutional amendments. Pr...

Soft Law: Soft law is all about those legal instruments that don't carry the weight of enforcement like the traditional hard law. Unlike treaties, statutes, or conventions which have legal obl...

In the changed Social & Economic Scenario does Wife's demand for a separate residence amount to an act of mental cruelty? It is common knowledge that women are no longer illiterate and are...

Relation between Jurisprudence and Law Jurisprudence is like a fascinating journey into the world of ideas and deep thoughts about the law. It explores the fundamental concepts and principles of...

Feminist Jurisprudence is a unique branch of legal theory that investigates the way women have been treated by the law throughout history and how this has affected their lives. The goal of Femi...

In general caste means any class or group of people who inherit exclusive privileges or are perceived as socially distinct. Entomology defines caste as a class of physically distinct individual...

This is a case analysis of Murli S. Deora v. Union of India which stipulated a ban on public smoking all over India to uphold and recognize the right to a healthy life enshrined under Article 2...

Law became the inevitable part of the society. People are vested with the rights and entered into contract with the government, in return government give the people protection against the wrong...

The Command Theory of Austin, which was created by John Austin, a legal philosopher from the 19th century, is a fundamental aspect of legal positivism. This theory asserts that the very nature ...

Facts: Aruna Shanbaug was a nurse at King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital, Mumbai (then Bombay). On the evening of 27 November 1973, Aruna, then 25, was changing her clothes in a room meant for...

The Supreme Court (SC) on December 11, 2023, upheld the constitutional validity of the order of the Union Government to repeal the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370. Althoug...