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One Nation, One Election: Transforming India's Democracy for Better Governance

One Nation One Election is one of the emerging topic in India which requires a change in the structure of conducting elections within India.The main motive behind this concept is to conduct a single election for the Lok Sabha, The State Legislatures and The Panchayats in place of series of elections done regularly over a period of time. The reason behind this concept of gaining popularity is because many political leaders have put forward their views over its application within India which includes Narendra Modi ( Prime Minister of India ), Former President of India Pranab Mukherjee and also Ram Nath Kovind ( President of India ). A National seminar was held in Mumbai in January 2018 by Rashtriya Swayamsevak sangh-backed Rambhau Mhalgi Prabodhini to echo Modi's call of  "One Nation, One Election".

India witnesses about 5-7 elections at an average every year. Elections in India for the Lok sabha, the state assemblies and the panchayats are held every 5 years. Elections in India are conducted and regulated by the Election Commission of India whose head is a Chief Election Commissioner. The idea of One Nation One Election is to reduce the cost and time spent on elections, minimize election fatigue, and ensure better governance by allowing politicians to focus on their work rather than constantly preparing for elections.

While this concept has its benefits, such as reducing disruptions and improving voter turnout, it also raises challenges, such as constitutional changes and the complexity of managing elections across states. We are considering "One Nation, One Election" because frequent elections cost too much money, disrupt government work, and staff. It also creates political fights and tires out voters, so having all elections together could solve these problems.

History
India got its independence from the British era on 15 August 1947. To prepare the longest written constitution of the India across the world it took two years. India became republic as the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. To run the country, a representative body is necessary to form that will represent the will of the people and provide justice to them.

To form the representative body, in India in the year 1952 general elections were conducted for the first time. India being run by a three -tier government, the elections were conducted for the Lok Sabha as well as the State Assemblies of the respective states simultaneously.

India is not new to the concept of simultaneous elections. The elections were conducted once and for all; the Lok Sabha and the State Legislatures. India carried on the simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies which carried forward for three consecutive general elections. This happening of simultaneous elections can be seen in in the election held for the period of 1957, 1962 and 1967 barring the first general election.

Indian's First General Election

India's first general election, conducted in 1951-52, was a big moment for the country. After being an Independent country from the slavery of Britain in 1947 and adopting a new Constitution in 1950, India was ready to choose its leader through conducting voting system. The 53 political parties contested for 489 seats, there were about 1874 candidates from various parties, there were 401 constituencies and some had multiple seats.

Over 17 crore people were allowed to vote but most of them had never done it before and could not read or write. To help, symbols like a cow or tree were used on ballot papers to represent political parties.
The election took several months, from October 1951 to March 1952, because India is so large and organizing it was difficult. Despite the challenges, about 45 percent of people voted. The Indian National Congress (INC), led by Jawaharlal Nehru.

He won the most seats and became Independent India's first democratically elected prime minister. This election was a huge step for India, showing that even in a country with so many different people and languages, democracy could work. It gave everyone a chance to help and shape the future of our country. While the leaders of our nation started working on rolling out elections in July 1948, for holding the elections there were no laws.

The drafting committee, under the leadership of Dr. B R Ambedkar, put various efforts and a lot of hardwork for preparing the Constitution which was drafted on 26 November 1949, but enacted on 26 January 1950. India on that day have the rules, laws and acts for conducting the elections, and finally our country became a republic country. India became the largest democracy in the world, with a government 'by the people and for the people'.

System Of Elections In India

India is a socialist, secular, democratic, republic and the largest democracy in the world. India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system lies a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. India being a democratic country, the individuals are not restricted to form political parties in the country. To form the government the individuals have to choose their representatives from the available amount of political parties.

India's electoral system is a complex system that supports the country's vibrant democracy. Beneath it is universal adult right, which ensures that all citizens over the age of 18 have the right to vote, irrespective of caste, religion, sex, gender or race.

India holds elections at different levels, including National, State,and Local levels. people vote directly to choose members of Parliament ( MPs, ) for the National government and members of Legislative assemblies (MLAs) for State government. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college made up of MPs and State representatives. Elections are organized and monitored by the election commission of India (ECI) to ensure that they are fair and transparent, allowing citizens to choose their leaders in a democracy. The election commission gets the power to conduct all these from the Article 324 of Indian Constitution.

According to Article 324 of Indian constitution, it provides the power of superintendents, direction and control of elections to parliament, state legislature, the office of President of India and the office of Vice President of India shall be vested in the election commission. The election commission gets the authority to control and manage elections, and make rules and decisions related to election.

Conclusion
The main objective behind the idea "One Nation, One Election" is to hold all elections at the same time instead of at different time. This can save money,time,and resources. It would also motivate the government to focus more on working for the people rather then being busy with elections all the time.

This idea will make voting easier for people and help the country to have stable policies, as governments will not be interrupted by frequent elections. But the implementation of this idea is not simple as its need changes in Laws, agreement from all political parties, and solutions for situations like when a government falls before its terms ends. there are also concerns that it might give too much power to the central government and affect the balance between states and the voting booth.

If these issues are solved, "One Nation, One Election" could make elections smoother and allow governments to work better for the people's future.

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