In a significant ruling, the Supreme Court of India has barred Reliance Communications (RCom) from selling its telecom assets to Reliance Jio. The decision, delivered by Justices A K Goel and U...

Just north of the United States border lies a province renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and a natural resource so precious it's often referred to as "liquid gold": maple syrup...

The case of Tata Consultancy Services Limited v. Cyrus Investments Pvt. Ltd.,[1] primarily revolves around the question of whether the removal of Cyrus Mistry as the Executive Chairman of Tata ...

In today's fast-paced and competitive startup landscape, ensuring legal compliance is not merely a regulatory requirement but a strategic cornerstone for sustainable business growth. Startups f...

Section 2(20) of the Companies Act, 2013 defines a company as any entity incorporated under this law or any earlier legislation. Company is a legal entity erected for the purpose of conducting ...

Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. It ensures accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's ...

A Private Limited Company in India enjoys the perks of a corporate structure but must also follow strict compliance requirements, including Pvt. Ltd Annual Filing. In this article, we shall lo...

Insider trading undermines investor confidence globally and compromises the integrity of the financial system by trading securities using material information that is not publicly available. Wi...

Starting a private limited company is an exciting step for any entrepreneur. However, along with registration, it's essential to comply with legal commitments, one of which is the Pvt. ltd ROC ...

Who Is An Independent Director?Section 149(6) of Companies Act 2013 provides, that an independent director would mean a director other than a managing director, a whole-time director or a nomin...

Starting a new LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) comes with a few legal responsibilities, one of the most important being LLP Annual Return Filing. Even if your LLP did not do any business du...

A One Person Company (OPC) is required to comply with various annual filing requirements under the Companies Act, 2013. Among these, filing the OPC Annual Return on time is important to avoid p...

The Articles of Association (AOA) are a crucial constitutional document governing a company's internal management. Under the Company Act,2013, a company retains the power to alter its AOA, subj...

A One Person Company (OPC) is a unique structure under the Companies Act, 2013, allowing a single person to run a business with limited liability. Since the company is now open and is operating...

The doctrine of ultra vires, meaning "beyond the powers," plays a critical role in maintaining the legal boundaries within which corporations and administrative authorities must opera...

The increasing integration of sustainability and social responsibility into core business operations is transforming corporate evaluation paradigms beyond mere profitability to encompass broade...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has redefined how businesses operate in today's world. It's no longer just about making profits; it's about being a responsible force in society. Companies...

In the vast landscape of corporate law, the company is often treated as a separate legal entity, distinct from its shareholders and directors. This foundational concept, affirmed in the iconic case...

In today's globalized economy, companies serve as the backbone of trade, innovation, and employment. From small startups to multinational corporations, companies are structured to bring togethe...

Understanding the Core Principle:The doctrine of indoor management is a pivotal principle in corporate law, acting as a safeguard for third parties engaging with a company. Also known as the Turq...

Types of companies based on the number of members Private Company A private company, as per Section 2(68)1, is one with a minimum prescribed paid-up capital that restricts share transfers, limi...

When a company decides to raise money from the general public, it's not just about asking for investments — it's also about being open, honest, and compliant with the law. Two important docum...

Private Limited Companies in India are required to comply with Pvt. Ltd ROC Filing, which involves submitting annual returns and financial statements to the Registrar of Companies (ROC). This...

The doctrine of corporate personality is a cornerstone of company law, granting legal identity to corporations distinct from their shareholders. However, in instances of fraud or abuse of the c...

The composition of a company's board of directors is a cornerstone of effective governance and strategic planning. Directors, entrusted with guiding the company and ensuring its long-term succe...

What are the Articles of Association? Each and every area is covered in the Articles of Association as per the governing law by which the company can regulate its own internal affairs. Among o...

In the complex matrix of corporate governance, directors stand at the intersection of strategy, accountability, and ethics. Their role is not merely advisory but foundational to the smooth func...

The doctrine of separate legal personality lies at the heart of company law, but its rigid application can sometimes hinder justice. The courts, therefore, have evolved the doctrine of "lifting...

Company Law, often referred to as corporate law, is the branch of legal study and practice that governs the formation, operation, and dissolution of companies. It sets out the rules and regulat...

This essay critically explores the concept of membership in a company under Indian company law, offering a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework, judicial interpretations, and emerging ...

Corporate liquidation, also known as winding up, is a formal process through which a company's legal existence is brought to an end, whether due to insolvency, inability to pay debts, or a volu...

As the Companies Act, 2013 completes a decade, it is pertinent to examine its evolution, the reforms it introduced, and the impact it has had on corporate governance and the regulatory landscap...

Business agreements, whether for goods, services, or large-scale projects, require more than just negotiation and execution to be successful. The ability to foresee and address vulnerabilities ...

"Profit with purpose" is the new mantra for modern businesses. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is no longer just a buzzword-it has become a defining aspect of how companies are judged by ...

Mergers and Acquisitions a pivotal apparatus of corporate restructuring is often pursued to achieve economies of scale, enhance market share and boom vertical and horizontal integration. In tod...

In the corporate framework, the concept of membership holds central importance. Members, commonly referred to as shareholders in companies limited by shares, are vital stakeholders who contribu...

One of the fundamental principles of company law is that a company is a separate legal entity, distinct from its shareholders and directors. This principle, established in the landmark case of ...

In the corporate landscape of India, membership in a company holds significant importance. A member, commonly referred to as a shareholder in the case of a company limited by shares, plays a cr...

The concept of a company as a separate legal entity, distinct from its owners, is a cornerstone of modern corporate law. This "corporate veil" protects shareholders from the company's...

Directors are pivotal to a company’s success, steering its strategic and operational course. However, their role comes with significant legal responsibilities and multifaceted positions. This bl...

Filing the OPC Annual Return is a key compliance requirement under the Companies Act, 2013. A One Person Company (OPC) must file its annual return and financial statements every year with ...

A company's incorporation gives it a unique legal identity apart from its directors and stockholders. The cornerstone of business law is this fundamental idea, which was established in the well...

India's corporate landscape has seen remarkable changes over the past decade, largely driven by the rise of startups. These new-age businesses have brought about a shift in the way business is ...

Though we are reaching space, the technological gap is also broadening between tech giants and the rest of the population. In an era where billion-dollar rockets breach the stratosphere and art...

80G5 Registration is a unique approval granted to NGOs and trusts. In simple words, if your NGO is 80G5 registered, people who donate to your cause can reduce their taxable profits, encouraging...

80G5 Registration is critical for NGOs, charitable trusts, and non-profit organizations looking for tax exemptions for donations acquired. This registration permits donors to claim tax deductio...

The SEBI Takeover code prescribes a systematic framework for acquisition of stake in listed companies. By these laws the regulatory system ensures that the interests of the shareholders of list...

One of the prominent cases with significant issues in the Indian framework on insolvency laws is Indian Overseas Bank v. RCM Infrastructure Ltd., which arises particularly concerning the rights...

This registration is important for non-profits as it enables them to avoid paying tax on their profits, therefore ensuring that their price range is directed closer to their social goals. In ...

Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) must follow annual filing rules under the LLP Act, 2008. Filing Form 8 and Form 11 on time is essential to avoid penalties and stay legally compliant. Conse...

Objectives/Purpose Research suggests that appeals under Section 421 of the Companies Act, 2013, allow aggrieved parties to challenge NCLT orders at NCLAT within 45 days, with possible extensio...

What is Memorandum of Association?Memorandum of Association is the most important document of a company. It states the objects for which the company is formed. It contains the rights, privileges ...

Background Of The Case Educomp Solutions Limited filed a petition under section 10 of the Code for the insolvency resolution process (CIRP). COC chose Ebix Singapore Private Limited as one of ...

How It All Began – And Why It Mattered This wasn't just a business deal but a bailout for Activision and a market power–-grab for Microsoft at the perfect legal moment. The actual trigger bo...

Shares are the fundamental building blocks of any company, as they represent ownership and form the basis of a company's capital structure. In most cases, companies raise funds by issuing share...

The intersection of trade law and human rights has been a despirately urgent issue in global management, an evidence of symbiosis and conflict between economic opening and guarding fundamental ...

Winding up of a company is a critical legal process that marks the closure of a business entity, leading to the liquidation of its assets, settlement of liabilities, and formal dissolution. Thi...

What Is Algo TradingAlgorithmic trading is the use of Computational Algorithms based on processes and rules to execute transactions. This involves decision-making that uses sets of rules and va...

Closing a business entity in India, whether it's a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) or a Private Limited Company, requires adherence to specific guidelines set by the Ministry of Corporate A...

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 governs the law of contracts in India.1 Consideration and Privity of contract are two foundational concepts under the law of contract. Consideration is a essential...

Conducting business through a company structure has long been regarded as the most favorable option, as it allows members to limit their personal liabilities. The doctrine of corporate personal...

The core principle at play here is that, if a contract never had legal validity due to some fundamental flaw (like illegality, mistake, or lack of capacity), a claim for breach of contract dama...

Corporate registers play an important role in today's economic context, where transparency, accountability, and governance are critical to long-term prosperity and public trust. These registers...

When starting a commercial enterprise, one of the crucial decisions to make is selecting the proper business structure. Two popular alternatives in India are the Limited Liability Partners...

The Registrar of Companies (ROC) plays a crucial function in ensuring the prison and procedural compliance of various corporate sports in India, inclusive of the transfer and transmission of sh...

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of the Indian financial system, contributing considerably to employment technology and GDP growth. This article will help you k...

The entire pretext of Due-Diligence has become an essential requisite before any Merger or Acquisition takes place. Due diligence can also be stated to be a small part of Corporate Social Respo...

This article focuses on the disputes between shareholders and the board, and how lawyers handle them. How lawyers work it out, negotiate between them, and handle the smooth functioning between ...

In today's global economy, the scope of accounting has grown significantly. As companies expand globally, accounting ensures financial stability, compliance, and strategic decision-making. Thi...

In the leading case, Salomon v A Salomon and Co Ltd [1897] AC 22, it was held that a company is distinct and separate from its members. In the case Bacha F. Guzdar v. CIT., Bombay the supreme ...

A company is a legal entity formed by individuals or groups to carry out commercial or industrial activities. Governed by corporate laws, companies have a separate legal identity, distinct from...

When starting a company, knowing the fundamental documents that frame its identity and operations is crucial. Among these are the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and the Articles of Association...

According to the legal standards established by the Companies Act of 2013 and the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations of 2015, independent directors in India are ...

Employee-Owned Corporations (EOCs), which include models such as Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) and worker cooperatives, provide an alternative to the traditional shareholder-driven cor...

The Spice MCA (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically) is a vital tool for entrepreneurs in India seeking to sign up their businesses. In this article, we shall talk abou...

Legal accountability in ethical corporate conduct has become increasingly significant in today's business landscape, as companies are expected to go beyond mere compliance with the law to embra...

The corporate governance positions at the crossroad of the digital intersection. In the rapidly evolving and revolutionary landscape of corporate governance, it faces the hindering challenge of...

Importance of Proper Company RegistrationIn recent years, India holds the flag for the evolving startup ecosystem as young brains are more attracted towards entrepreneurship. The Ministry of Co...

Directors are responsible for making strategic selections and making sure proper compliance is achieved in legal cases. This article brings you a briefing on the types of Directors and their rol...

Section 135 CSRDefinition: A company exists because of the society which can also be described as its sole source for deriving profits. There is no company that can function without the help o...

Employees' State Insurance (ESI) is a social security scheme that provides economic safety to personnel in case of maternity, and other contingencies. Timely ESI return filing offers several ben...

Technology is revolutionizing the legal profession, particularly for company lawyers, who are increasingly required to adapt to the integration of AI, blockchain, and automation within the corp...

Auditors are essential in preserving the accuracy and integrity of economic statements, working under stringent crime duties. This article delves into the key duties of auditors, emphasizing t...

A trademark search is a crucial step for anyone or any business looking to register a trademark. It involves checking existing trademarks to make sure your proposed trademark is unique and does...

In today's interconnected world, international commercial law is crucial for managing trade, investment, and commerce across borders. With the rapid pace of globalization, the legal framework f...

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) requires all food business operators (FBOs) and submission of Food License Documents are important for making seamless registration. This...

Under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) system, the Input Tax Credit (ITC) performs a critical role in decreasing the tax burden for companies. GSTR 2A, a vehicle-populated shape, is pivotal in ...

Starting a publication business in India requires specific legal compliance, including RNI registration. The Registrar of Newspapers in India (RNI) ensures that newspapers, magazines, and other...

In India, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the governing body liable for ensuring food protection and regulating requirements for food merchandise. Timely FSSAI ce...

The law relating to Insolvency is not new in India; it owes its origin to English law. The earliest provisions relating to insolvency can be traced to sections 23 and 24 of the Government of In...

Starting a business is an exciting journey, but choosing the right structure is crucial for its success. For solo entrepreneurs in India, OPC registration offers a viable option to establish a ...

Establishing a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is a popular choice for startups and small businesses in India due to its flexibility, limited liability, and ease of compliance. The process ...

The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India delivered a massive transformation to the state's taxation framework. For small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), GST has had a ble...

The enactment of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, significantly impacted the Indian Insolvency regime. The main objective behind such codification is to consolidate and amend the exist...

In today's economic world of India, private funds lead the way in navigating and negotiating funding. There has been a steep increase in the number of funding deals and the size of the investme...

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) system in India has streamlined tax compliance for organizations, with unique cut-off dates for submitting returns. In this article, we shall be able to discov...

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) plays an essential role in making sure meals are safe across the country. Once issued, it is equally crucial to download and keep the F...

Employee State Insurance (ESI) is a social safety scheme designed to provide clinical and financial advantages to personnel and their households. Accurate documentation is important for seamles...

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) zone performs a pivotal role in riding economic increase, developing employment, and fostering innovation in India. Here's an overview of the ...

Securities and Exchange Board of India, on May 18, 2024, issued the amendments to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018 (SE...

During rampant growth and rapid industrialization, the primary concerns of businesses have been optimising profits and making the best use of available resources. However, unchecked growth and ...

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) gadget, introduced in India on July 1, 2017, marked a full-size shift in the U. S.'s taxation structure, unifying various oblique taxes into one. This transform...

This article focuses on discussing the commonly used legal agreements in transactions, including transfers of ownership, acquisitions, sales of assets, and operations. These fundamental agreeme...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays a crucial role in the Indian securities market, ensuring that investor interests are safeguarded and that the market operates with integr...

Establishing and operating a business in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) offers vast opportunities due to its strategic location, robust economic policies, and favorable investment climate. Howe...

The concept of shadow directors - those individual directors of a company who have significant control but are not on the board - creates confusion in governance and accountability. As much as ...

One Person Companies (OPCs) are modern commercial enterprise shape in India, designed for single marketers who want restrained legal responsibility and corporate popularity without the complexi...

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) in India introduced the Spice MCA (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically) to streamline the corporation registration procedure. ...

 With changing times, internal auditing has made significant progress, evolving from a typical compliance-based role to a strategic interest that increases an organization's expenses. Inte...

The Spice+ (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating a Company Electronically) form, introduced using the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), has streamlined the manner of organization incorporat...

Many businesses are expanding internationally in the current, fiercely competitive climate to increase market share and benefit from more efficient manufacturing and procurement. E-commerce bus...

Facts: Three companies that produce and sell yarn in Madurai. Each company has its branch in Pudukottai. The money made from these branches was regularly deposited in maduri bank, Pudukkottai ...

A tea estate was transferred to a company by a group of 8 people who were the sole shareholders of the company. The consideration for this transfer was a sum of £ 43,320. This consideration wa...

Starting an organization in India is an exciting project, however, it requires compliance with various prison and procedural steps. Whether you're putting in a private limited employer, an LLP,...

In this assignment, we will discuss a few questions related to company law as we all know that company law is the main body of businesses or companies. Company law regulates the business entiti...

Every person starting this kind of business is very eager and interested all the same very tensed at the same time. When starting a business, an entrepreneur is drawn majorly towards what it is...

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) compliance manner in India calls for groups to adhere strictly to the time limits for submitting returns. Missing the GST returns due date can lead to consequen...

In India, groups are issued to both Direct Tax and Indirect Tax, each affecting operations, profitability, and compliance in one-of-a-kind methods. This article explores how Direct Tax and Ind...

Incorporating a company in India is a significant step for entrepreneurs, businesses, and professionals who wish to formalize their business operations and take advantage of the benefits offere...

In October 2022, the social media landscape was forever changed when Elon Musk, the billionaire entrepreneur behind Tesla and SpaceX, acquired Twitter for $44 billion. Known for his innovative ...

In India, publicly traded companies must follow exact guidelines established by regulatory agencies to guarantee that shareholders and other interested parties are given access to crucial infor...

The Supreme Court of India's recent judgment in Association for Democratic Reforms & Anr. v. Union of India (2024 INSC 113) underscores the intricate relationship between political financin...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has taken a decisive regulatory step by prohibiting transactions through 'mule accounts' as part of its broader efforts to curb manipulative, f...

Registering a trademark is a vital step in building a recognizable and protected identification within the marketplace. However, engaging in a radical trademark search before registration is es...

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are significant corporate strategies that involve the consolidation of companies or assets. These complex processes require meticulous planning, coordination,...

Corporate accountability has become an essential part of how businesses operate today, especially as companies face increasing pressure to balance making profits with being socially and environ...

In India, setting up a business under a Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd) structure brings not only legal credibility and ease of funding but also a range of tax benefits. Entrepreneurs, invest...

Within the legal domain the concept of death is often associated with individuals, wherein the end of life results in a cancellation of legal rights and duties. But in the world of corporate la...

Corporate law encompasses the regulations and statutes that govern the formation and operation of corporations. Several landmark cases have significantly shaped corporate law, influencing how b...

Roscoe Pound's theory of social engineering left an undeniable mark on the landscape of legal philosophy. This article explores the genesis and core tenets of Pound's theory, highlighting its e...

This paper covers the definition and importance of regulatory arbitrage in financial markets in detail in its introduction. Regulatory Arbitrage refers to the practice of taking advantage of di...

In the annals of India's financial history, few scandals rival the magnitude and audacity of the Sahara India scam, a colossal swindle amounting to a staggering ₹2400 crores. Once a symbol of...

Secretarial Audit is a vital manner for corporations to ensure compliance with various legal and regulatory frameworks, especially for listed organizations and certain exact entities under the ...

The M&A landscape is undergoing not-so-insignificant change in India, driven by both economic, technological, and regulatory imperatives. In the near future, several critical trends will em...

The Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) represents a pioneering step in India's economic development, aiming to establish India as a global financial hub. Established in the city of A...

The winding-up of a company can be necessary for various reasons such as the conclusion of business, financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or the demise of promoters. This process can be initiate...

Recently in the matter titled M/s Apogee Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. versus Late Shri Anil Nanda (C.P. (I.B) NO. 514 OF 2020, the Hon'ble National Company Law Tribunal, New Delhi (Adjudicating Author...

Which Type of Business Registration is Best for Entrepreneurs? Starting a company is an exciting business loaded with potential and hurdles. One of the key stages in this path is choosing the pr...

The legal issue of corporations' responsibility for their carbon emissions and environmental impact has become increasingly urgent as climate change threatens ecosystems, economies, and public ...

Importance of the Company Registration CertificateA company registration certificate is a crucial document that signifies a company's legal recognition. It serves as proof that a business has bee...

Abstract: The impact of code on industrial safety standards: The impact of code on industrial safety standards is profound, shaping the safety and reliability of modern industrial op...

Financial institutions play a crucial role in the development of countries and the pursuit of sustainable goals. However, greenwashing, the deceptive portrayal of environmental practices, under...

The proposed merger between Culver Max Entertainment, formerly known as Sony Pictures Networks India ("SONY"), and Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited ("ZEE"), was a significant deal in the I...

Definition: Corporate Fraud refers to the illegal and unethical activities undertaken by any company or individual which is mostly done to gain a competitive advantage over other corporations ...

As the landscape of global business continues to evolve, public companies are facing a complex array of trends and challenges that will shape their future. This article explores the current and...

Inter-corporate loans and investments are common mechanisms through which businesses raise capital, manage liquidity, and foster strategic alliances. However, these transactions also pose legal...

The role of proxy advisory firms in corporate governance has grown significantly, influencing shareholder voting and corporate decision-making. These firms, including ISS and Glass Lewis, pro...

The advent of blockchain technology has initiated significant shifts across various legal frameworks globally, and Indian contract law is no exception. Blockchain, a decentralized and immutable...

Why Register as a Private Limited Company in India?Starting a business in India requires selecting the right structure. Among the various options, the Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd) is the mos...

The Employees' Compensation Act, 1923, stands as a pivotal piece of legislation in the realm of workers' rights and employer liability in India. Schedule II of this Act plays a crucial role in ...

Labour Law And Industrial Relations- I Module 1: The Trade Unions Act, 1926 Evolution and growth of Trade Union in India Trade unions in India have a long history, dating back to the late 19th ...

Abstract: To keep corporate governance transparent and honest, independent directors play a critical role in stopping corporate fraud. Independent directors are crucial in preventing any fraud...

In the realm of corporate finance, the financial structure of a company is a critical component that determines how it funds its operations and growth while balancing risk and return. This stru...

Corporate governance is an important element of current business practices and determines how organizations function and interact with stakeholders. It refers to the system of rules, practices,...

The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) model in India offers a hybrid business structure that combines the benefits of a corporate entity with the operational flexibility of a partnership. Thi...

A Joint venture is a business arrangement where two or more companies come together to pursue a specific project or business activity. In a joint venture, the participating companies create a n...

The concept of fiduciary duties forms the bedrock of corporate governance, ensuring that directors act in the best interests of the corporation and its stakeholders. This legal article delves i...

Elaborating on the significance of force majeure clauses, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, offers a deeper insight into their function within contract law and risk management...

Globalization has profoundly altered the legal landscape, bringing nations, corporations, and individuals into unprecedented proximity. This increased interconnectedness has led to a surge in c...

Contemporary contract law has developed to address the intricacies of ongoing business relationships that cannot be thoroughly encapsulated in conventional, one-time contracts. These enduring r...

The contemporary landscape of contract law is increasingly influenced by a dedication to consumer protection, particularly regarding unfair contract terms. This shift illustrates a wider societ...

Smart contracts and blockchain technology have brought about significant changes to conventional contract law, providing a more secure, efficient, and transparent method for executing agreement...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a vital element of contemporary business practices, shaping corporate policies as well as the legal frameworks that govern business conduct....

Globalization has significantly impacted contract law, influencing how businesses and individuals conduct cross-border transactions. As the world becomes more interconnected, companies are exte...

The aspect of Enforceability of Arbitration clause in Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions serves as a redressal mechanism for the contractual conflict between two parties engaging in either c...

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary investment, the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors has emerged as a focal point for institutional investors. This introd...

Since businesses rely on societal resources to function effectively, they have an additional moral imperative to give back to society in addition to their commitments to customers or shareholde...

A thorough structure outlining the authority, responsibilities, and obligations of a corporate auditor is provided under the Companies Act of 2013. Assuring that a company's financial statement...

The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) are specialized judicial organizations formed in India under the Companies Act of 2013. This res...

Section 188 of the Companies Act, 2013, plays a crucial role in regulating related party transactions to ensure transparency and prevent conflicts of interest within corporate governance. Howev...

The MSME sector in India makes a contribution of around 30% to the nation's GDP. Moreover, it contributes about 40% to the total exports of India and provides more than 110 million job opportun...

The Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005 Aim: Remedies available to an aggrieved person whose 'cibil' has been spoiled or corrupted by 'Credit Information Companies (CIC)' / Ac...

In the dynamic and rapidly evolving world of startups, securing adequate funding remains a significant challenge. Traditionally, startups relied on venture capital, angel investors, or loans to...

A franchisor must navigate a complex web of laws to ensure compliance and avoid legal pitfalls when setting up a franchise system. These laws are crucial in governing the relationship between t...

In the evolving landscape of work in India, startups increasingly leverage the flexibility and cost advantages of engaging freelancers over traditional employees. This trend raises critical leg...

The Indian government has implemented numerous measures to foster a supportive ecosystem for start-ups, recognizing their potential to drive economic growth, innovation, and job creation. These...

Start-ups require significant capital to develop products, scale operations, and achieve sustainable growth. Various types of investment provide crucial funding for start-ups, each offering dif...

Start-ups in India encounter many legal challenges as they navigate the complexities of establishing and growing their businesses in a rapidly evolving regulatory environment. These legal issue...

Business transfers are a type of transaction under mergers and acquisitions. It is a general notion that acquirers are more inclined towards asset purchase than any other mod...

Recently, a three-judge bench of Supreme Court in Greater Noida Industrial Development vs. Prabhjit Singh Soni has classified Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA) as a secured...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Index Providers) Regulations, 2024 are the name of these regulations. After being published in the Official Gazette on 118th days from 8 march 2024, ...

The company fails to deal with stakeholders in insolvency problems, including financial obligations to employees claiming payment, to ensure that the assets of the debtor's are preserved during...

As per Occupational Fraud 2024 report published by ACFE, tips were the most common way frauds came to light, with 43% of cases being uncovered due to a tip from a whistleblower. This is more th...

This research paper deals with the understanding of the relevant sections and contexts that deal with the understanding of One person company. One person company as defined under section 2(62)...

When we talk about CSR at its early stages the CSR was considered just a corporate philanthropy which was being a choice for the organizations to fulfil corporate social responsibility for secu...

In today's dynamic business world, mergers and acquisitions have become a common phenomenon for companies looking to expand their market presence, streamline operations, or unlock synergistic b...

Introduction To Section 233 Section 233 of the Companies Act, 2013[1] provides for a procedure known as Fast-Track Merger. It is an alternative method to the normal proceedings as mentioned un...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India has recently taken major steps toward regulating financial influencers, otherwise known as finfluencers, and initiated several steps meant for rationa...

Due diligence is a critical step in financial transactions, serving as a detailed investigation to assess the risks, benefits, and potential liabilities of a deal.[1] This process provides all ...

The corporate world has seen a tremendous boom in past years, one side of the coin is vast growth and opportunities whereas the flip side is darker which includes frauds, corruption, mismanagem...

Starbucks Corporation, an American multinational chain of coffeehouses and roastery reserves which is headquartered in Seattle, Washington is currently the world's largest coffeehouse chain. Th...

In India, a trademark is an important instrument for preserving a business's identity. A trademark is a sign or symbol that distinguishes a business's goods or services from those of its compet...

A finder of lost goods is subject to the same responsibility as a bailee. He is bound to take reasonable care of the goods. He must trace its owner. Except the true owner, he is the owner again...

A wagering contract, commonly referred to as a bet or wager, is a legally binding agreement between two parties where one party promises to pay the other a specific sum of money or other valuab...

As a digital-first house of brands, Honasa Consumer Limited caters to the evolving demands of millennial consumers. It is pioneering a new generation of beauty and personal care brands that pri...

Investing has historically been thought to be the domain of seasoned experts with years of expertise. However, there has been a significant shift in the investment landscape in recent years. Yo...

A contingent contract is essentially a deal that hinges on whether a specific event happens or not. This event must be uncertain and beyond the control of either party involved. Such contracts ...

At the beginning of each financial year, Indian companies must remember significant deadlines for their annual filings. This applies to all types of companies: private limited, public limited, ...

Corporate governance is the pivotal system that directs and controls companies, with boards of directors bearing the responsibility for governance. Shareholders play a crucial role in governanc...

Transparency and accountability are critical in the current global financial market. The LEI (legal entity identification ) code is a unique identification established to enable secure and effi...

The global financial environment is huge and complex, with numerous entities participating in an extensive number of various transactions. To ensure openness and reduce risks in the middle of t...

Unlawful Agreements:An unlawful agreement is a contract or arrangement that goes against the law, public policy, or ethical principles. This makes it void, meaning it's legally invalid from the...

A transfer is an action that entails moving an asset; in the case of shares, this action may be prescribed by law or may be voluntary. When a shareholder transfers their shares willingly and fo...

Getting noticed and moving up the career ladder requires a strategic approach. It's a combination of consistently delivering excellent work, building strong professional relationships, and demo...

Indian company law is derived from the Companies Act 2013. On August 29, 2013, it was ratified by the president, effectively replacing the Companies Act of 1956. The Act was implemented gradu...

The phrase "hostile takeover" conjures up images of corporate raiders and a sense of the 1980s, when the tactic gained initial traction. However, hostile takeovers, while rare, contin...

The business world is a constantly evolving landscape, a dynamic battlefield where new brands emerge relentlessly. Established brands engage in an ongoing struggle to maintain their market domi...

In today's business landscape, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are increasingly prevalent as companies opt for strategic partnerships over independent operations. This trend is highlighted b...

Any organization's ability to function and be successful depends on its corporate governance. As one of India's leading automakers, Maruti Suzuki's corporate governance practises are examined i...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is known as social and environmental activities, or even actions taking into account financial decisions, usually carried out by companies with the aim of ...

Tyke Case:In the, Matter of Anbronica Technologies Private Limited. Adjudication Order dated 1st March 2023, ROC (Delhi) It was seen that Anbronica Technologies Private Ltd. (herein referred a...

Overview & Fundamentals: Registering an overseas company involves a series of steps and considerations that are crucial for legal and operational compliance in the target country. Choose...

In an era where global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality demand urgent action, the role of corporate lawyers has expanded beyond traditional legal counse...

What is an Other Service Provider (OSP) License?An Other Service Provider (OSP) License is a permit issued by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) in India. This license is required for com...

The Company Law, 2013, provides a framework for corporate transactions, including mergers, acquisitions, and business transfers. It ensures that such transactions are conducted transparently, w...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a cornerstone of modern business practices, reflecting a company's commitment to ethical behavior, environmental sustainability, and social well...

In the dynamic world of startups, where innovation and entrepreneurship reign supreme, legal compliance might not always be the most exciting topic on the agenda. Yet, it is undoubtedly one of ...

As the wise Josiah Charles Stamp once said, "It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities." Businesses need to be car...

This essay reviews the regulations and governance reforms carried out in India with respect to auditor and audit committee independence. The essay concludes by suggesting some governance reform...

Definition: Termination of the contractual relationship between parties is known as Discharge of Contract. This occurs when the rights and obligations established by the contract reach their c...

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary business, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) represent strategic manoeuvres pursued by companies seeking growth, market consolidation, or diversificatio...

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 Section 2(a): When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with view to obtaining the assent of that oth...

Conditional open offers serve as a highly effective mechanism for investors seeking to acquire a substantial stake in a publicly listed company, particularly in cases where the initial underlyi...

A merger is a strategic move by two or more entities to combine their operations, typically to increase competitive strength, expand product lines, or enter new markets. While the term 'merger'...

In the corporate sector, the idea of corporate restructuring presents a number of opportunities. Numerous entities are able to undergo internal or external rebuilding as a result of unfavourabl...

Consideration is defined under Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, as an act done or abstinence from an act or promise to be done or abstained from, at the desire of the promisor. Th...

Corporate fraud and white-collar crimes pose a significant threat to the stability of financial markets, erode public trust in businesses, and inflict substantial financial losses on investors ...

As an employer, it is a legal and moral duty to establish a leave policy that enables them to take time off when required. In india, there are various types of leaves that employers must provid...

A company is fundamentally an artificial person created by legislation. It is a group of people with a shared seal, enduring inheritance, and independent legal status. Whether it is a governmen...

Definition: A pledge contract serves as a formal agreement between two or more parties, articulating the specific responsibilities and actions each party commits to in pursuit of a common obje...

Whistleblowing refers to the act of exposing or revealing information about wrongdoing, unethical practices, or illegal activities within an organization or government entity. It involves indiv...

Trusts serve several functions and are a vital component of the Indian legal system. A legal arrangement known as a trust designates a trustee to hold assets on behalf of beneficiaries. There a...

The Employee State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and the Employee Provident Fund (EPF) are two distinct forms of employee-benefiting social security programs in India. Whereas ESIC is required f...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) under law refers to the legal obligations and responsibilities that corporations have towards society and the environment. While CSR is often associated wi...

"Every Pledge is Bailment, but every Bailment is not pledge" The Pledge is legal relationship that arises when one party (Pledger) temporally transfers the possession of his personal property ...

The act of money laundering through the use of shell corporations is a prevalent, ubiquitous, and complex problem which poses a notable and worthy of attention challenges for law enforcement ag...

'Insider trading' in financial markets refers to trading in securities such as equity and bonds by company insiders who have access to exclusive information about the issuer of a particular sec...

In the corporate sector, businesses use different models to manage their operations and finances effectively. Holding and auxiliary are the two most common forms of firms, each defining its fun...

An MoA or Memorandum of Association is one of the most significant legal draftings of an incorporated company. It is popularly known as its "Constitution" or "Charter" as it contains all its le...

The purpose of this research article is to examine the many types of winding up, their effects, and the underlying causes. The process of ending a business and selling its assets is referred to...

The evolution of the jurisprudence of Corporate Mens Rea has gone through the phases from Tesco to Meridian in foreign courts and its application in Standard Chartered to Iridium cases. Whil...

The insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 marked a recent change in the economic landscape of India. With a shift towards a more creditor driven process, the IBC provides for a faster resolution...

What Is An Onshore Company? The term "onshore" inherently implies something situated within a specific area or jurisdiction. A company that operates or aligns its business model with t...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) released a consultation paper on December 28, 2023 amending its regulations with respect to the verification of market rumours (Consultation Pa...

All Corporate bodies around the globe are influenced by stakeholders at varying degree. These stakeholders tend to be the original owners of the company, whose financial position would be affec...

A company may be generally defined as a gathering, assembly, or coming together of several persons for transacting any lawful business. There must be at least two persons to form a valid meetin...

The Indian Government, through the enactment of Section 5 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2020, effective from October 30, 2023, has opened the path for Indian companies to list their equity ...

This research paper examines the insolvency and bankruptcy laws in India and the United States, focusing on their legal structures, procedural mechanisms, and key provisions. It examines the hi...

Most entrepreneurs understand that they must have a killer pitch that impresses investors in order to achieve their desired level of success. A startup pitch deck gives investors the ability to...

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become pivotal strategies for businesses in India, driven by the country's dynamic economic landscape and evolving market dynamics. In recent years, M&am...

In 21st Century, crimes committed by corporate bodies are creating more serious challenge for criminal justice system. Some vested interests which are controlling affairs of corporate bodies mi...

In the ever-evolving realm of corporate governance, the importance of independent directors has risen significantly. These individuals play a vital role in nurturing transparency, accountabilit...

Tortious liability, commonly known as civil liability, is a legal principle that assigns responsibility to individuals or entities for their wrongful actions leading to harm to others. Within t...

In the realm of the internet, domain names are significant corporate assets and brands. As a result of the expansion of Internet commerce in the modern era of ubiquitous computing and wireless ...

A registered trademark is a type of intellectual property right that gives the owner exclusive privileges. Irrespective of the size of the firm, trademark registration has become essential in t...

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents technological advancements enabling machines to execute tasks typically associated with human intelligence, including visual perception, speech recogniti...

In this corporate world, a subsidiary company is known as an entity that is owned and controlled by its parent company. The parent companies own more than 50% of the stock and also control the ...

A business plan is essential for a company's inception, growth, and overall success. These plans give a company a clear vision for the future as well as a strategy for expanding. An effective s...

In the era of globalization and industrialization the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility have immense importance. It is a vital part of ethical business i.e. it joins both ethics and bu...

Research Questions: Is the current corporate governance framework in India, particularly in relation to companies approaching insolvency, provides the right combination of high standards an...

Section 43B of the Income Tax Act is an important provision which deals with various types of expenses allowed as deduction. It lays down the conditions for claiming deductions for certain expe...

Independent director refers to a director who is not connected or related to the company in anyway and acts only to protect the interest of the members who cannot look after their interests the...

SEBI has implemented a range of strategic measures to strengthen shareholder rights and foster transparent and equitable practices. The article examines important measures implemented by SEBI, ...

Dividend distributions play a crucial role in corporate finance, providing a means for businesses to share profits with shareholders. However, unscrupulous actions related to dividend payments ...

The manipulation of oil prices in the Gulf region by Western powers involves a multi-pronged approach that encompasses various tactics such as geopolitical manoeuvring, economic dependence, and...

A wide range of concerns arises within the realm of ethical issues in business, stemming from the interactions between companies, their stakeholders, and society. The following paragraphs wi...

Beyond Boardrooms and Courtrooms: Exploring the Synchronicity of Corporate Governance and Criminal Justice" Exploring the Interplay Between Business Ethics and Legal Justice: Even thou...

As business grows, the financial data becomes more and more difficult to handle in spreadsheets because it is time-consuming, prone to errors and confusing. With growth, there is a need for a s...

The Companies Act, 2013, is a comprehensive legislative framework governing the establishment, regulation, and dissolution of companies in India. Enacted to replace the outdated Companies Act o...

According to section 179 of the Companies Act, 2013, the powers of director of a company entitled to make any and all decisions and thus exercise all the power, which the company has authority ...

Payroll is a process of paying your employees. However, it also includes choosing a payroll schedule, calculating salaries, wages and taxes, and making sure everything is completed accurately a...

It is a known fact that Mergers and Acquisitions affect the shareholders of Both companies, the one which is Targeted/acquired which is the Transferor Company and the one that is targeting/Bidd...

Under the corporate law regime, "control" must be defined carefully since corporate control must be taken into account when determining whether or not certain limitations and compliance require...

An LLC that has been revoked or administratively dissolved must be granted active status in order to be reinstated. Incorporating an LLC (Limited Liability Company) is recommended if the compan...

There are many different types of business entities, and the term "company" refers to a group that has acquired the distinction of being a separate legal entity. The founder of a company has an...

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are pivotal for infrastructure development, merging public resources with private sector efficiency. However, disputes, stemming from financial disagreements,...

A court order, known as an injunction, is a legal remedy that requires a party to either complete a specific action or abstain from a particular act. These are commonly sought after in civil ca...

The person or people who play a key role in starting and developing a company are known as promoters. They are the ones who come up with the business idea, gather the necessary resources, and m...

The Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA) are essential documents that jointly constitute the foundation of a company's structure. Memorandum of Association (MOA)...

Following the incorporation of the firm, the next step is to raise the necessary resources for the company's operations. It is known that a private company is prohibited to invite the public to...

In India, insider trading refers to the act of purchasing or selling securities by individuals who have access to important, undisclosed information about a company. These "insiders" ...

Mr. Saloman was a leather merchant. He had his wife, 1 daughter, and 5 sons and he used to work with his 4 sons. He turned his company into a limited company as his sons wanted to become partne...

The interplay between company law and human rights has become a central focus in contemporary legal discussions, prompting a critical examination of whether their convergence is a meaningful co...

Capital market plays an important role in maintaining the economic growth of the country. Hence, it is important that there are regulations in this field. In India, SEBI acts as the guardian an...

A historic piece of legislation in India, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) attempts to update and unify the various laws pertaining to insolvency and bankruptcy. The IBC acknowled...

The presence of independent directors holds great significance in the realm of corporate governance, as they bring a fair and unbiased viewpoint to ensure that decisions made within a company a...

Corporate Veil: The corporate veil, a significant legal concept, plays a vital role in creating a separate identity for a company. This identity shields the shareholders and directors from bei...

Communication is an essential element in formation of contract. Where communication of proposal is complete it forms the contract. Communication done through instances mode and post office mode...

The Income Tax Act of India governs the taxation of income earned by individuals, companies and other entities. Section 194F is one of the sections of the Act, which deals with tax deduction (T...

Rajesh Exports Limited was established in 1989. The corporation is a world leader in the gold industry.REL is based in Bangalore, India, and has activities all around the world. The only corpor...

Breach of Contract:The Indian Contract Act, which came into effect in 1872, is the primary law that governs contracts in India. According to this Act, a breach of contract occurs when one party...

Essentials of a Valid ContractContract: A contract is a lawful arrangement entered into by two or more individuals, through which certain rights are gained by one or more parties in exchange for...

Even though Indian corporate governance has made considerable progress in the past few years, there are still lingering obstacles and shortcomings that continue to exist within the system. Corp...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is when businesses choose to go beyond just making money and instead actively consider the impact they have on society and the environment. It involves tak...

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) of 2016 stands as a landmark legislation in India's economic history, heralding a new era in the resolution of corporate distress. This comprehensive fr...

Franchising is a good option for individuals who want to set up their business idea in the food service sector. If such an individual is operating under the umbrella of a popular brand, you can...

A provident fund, which is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), is a separate legal entity completely separate from both the employer and the investment management comp...

In the diverse and rapidly expanding Indian business landscape, the decision to register a company transcends mere legal compliance-it becomes a strategic cornerstone for entrepreneurs. The pro...

Employees State Insurance (ESI) is administered by the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) which is a government organization. The program primarily provides financial and medical assi...

In India, the Companies Act of 2013 (hereinafter referred to as "Act") plays a vital role in regulating corporate affairs, emphasizing transparency, and ensuring the effective operation of busi...

In the world of creative works and intellectual property, copyright protection is necessary to protect originality and prevent unauthorized use. However, copyright protection involves much more...

The idea of TDS was introduced with the aim of levying tax at the source of income itself. Tax filing is a time-consuming process subject to inevitable mistakes. TDS returns and statements shou...

Goods and Services Tax (GST) has streamlined the tax structure in India. As a part of GST compliance process, taxpayers are required to file various returns including GSTR 10. In this article, ...

This article delves into the recent amendment made in rules regarding of Fast-Track Mergers (FTM) Regulations in India. Without a prescribed timeline for regulatory authorities to complete the ...

The development of corporate law in India has a rich historical trajectory, evolving from ancient times to the contemporary legal frameworks governing business entities. While the concept of co...

What is RTI?The full form of RTI is the Right to Information, which is governed by a revolutionary law namely, the Right to Information Act, 2005. The main objective of RTI Act is to promote tr...

New guidelines for Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) were published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare as part of a plan to create and promote 10,000 Farmer Producer Organiza...

A company's articles of association outline the procedures that result in the efficient management of the company. Such procedures include the manner of holding board meetings, the manner of de...

Many times it happens that when a person starts a business, he does all the necessary compliances and takes all the required registrations required to start the business. But in the course of b...

Who is a Director of a Company?The directors are responsible for the company's overall health and for the interests of the shareholders as well. Directors have duties to the corporation and are...

A new concept of "Key Managerial Personnel" (KMP) was created by the Companies Act of 2013, with the intention of merging all heads of companies under one head. It contributes significantly to ...

Shares and share CertificateThe capital of a company is divided into units of small denominations and these units is known as 'Share'. According to sec 2(84) of the companies Act 2013 "share me...

The Companies act of 2013's arrangements give the expression "Organization" a particular lawful definition: an organization is any substance that has been established and enrolled as ...

The company is also considered as a juristic person. It has all the rights and liabilities. This case mainly deals with companies' right to sue and to be sued. It specifically focuses on the nu...

Appellant: M.S. Madhusoodhanan And Another Respondent: Kerela Kaumudi (P) Ltd. And Others Bench: Ruma Pal J. And B.N. Srikrishna J. Court: Supreme Court Decided On: 01-08-2003 Citation: (2003)...

Accounting is a more diverse profession than many people realize and can offer both long-term employer stability and the freedom of self-employment. Starting your own business is a daunting tas...

Sec.2 (j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 defines 'industry' as any business, trade, undertaking, manufacture, or calling of employers and includes any calling, service, employment, handic...

The Companies Act, 2013 introduced Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a legal mandate for qualifying companies. Section 135 outlines CSR obligations, necessitating eligible firms to alloc...

Geo-coding is a mandatory procedure for address verification under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) system in India. It involves converting physical addresses into geographic coordinates (latit...

India's capital market plays a crucial role in the nation's economic development, serving as a platform for businesses to raise funds and investors to participate in wealth creation. This artic...

Corporate taxation is an integral part of the functioning of any economy. It is a form of tax levied on the profits earned by corporations or businesses. Corporate taxation plays a crucial role...

The pharmaceutical industry is a trillion-dollar industry worldwide. In India alone, its valuation stands at over 18 billion dollars. It is the industry that works towards researching, discover...

From a legal standpoint, a company is recognized as a separate legal entity distinct from its individual members, as established in the landmark case of Salomon v. Salomon and Co. Ltd. (1897) A...

Industrial Employment (standing orders) Act, 1946 which came into the force before the independence of our state. It was established for the purpose of a peaceful relationship between the emplo...

Investment is a business way of assets in which later form as a generating income or appreciation. Appreciation means increase of asset value over a time, grey market were also known as paralle...

When starting a new firm, choosing the correct business structure is crucial. Partnerships and Sole Proprietorships are two prominent business structures that many small business owners prefer ...

An 'investor' is a person who allocates capital with the expectation of a financial return. Generally, the primary concern of an investor is to minimize risk while maximizing return, as opposed...

A company is a legal person, but in reality, it is a collection of individuals who are the true owners of the assets held by the corporate body. Being an artificial person, the company is unabl...

Diversity in the board of directors has become a topic of significant interest and debate in recent years. The composition of a company's board plays a crucial role in shaping its corporate gov...

Initial public offerings (IPOs) play an important role in the growth and expansion of the Indian economy by providing a platform for companies to raise capital from the public. However, IPOs ar...

"Corporate governance: The artistry of integrity sculpting business brilliance."... Vishal Banga Corporate GovernanceCorporate governance in India refers to the system of rules, practices, and...

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has, vide its notification dated 17th April 2023, amended the existing Rule 4 of the Rules (Amendments). The Amendments have been introduced to create a ...

Bookkeeping could seem like a routine, boring chore as compared to the overall attraction of running and owning a small company. However, it's an essential procedure that needs to be followed p...

In the dynamic landscape of commerce, where brands are the lifeblood of business, the concept of trademarks stands as a formidable pillar. More than just a visual emblem or a catchy phrase, a t...

Inside India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), the case IDBI Bank Ltd. v. Jaypee Infratech Ltd. embodies a significant legal story that explains the intricate relationship between financi...

A new TCS section 206C (1H) was added to Finance Bill 2020. The updated section specifies that if a seller sells goods and the total sales value exceeds INR 50,00,000 (the threshold amount) in ...

In the worlds of finance and law, Mediation, insolvency, and bankruptcy are interwoven in finance and law, influencing and shaping each other in the dynamic landscape of financial dispute resol...

The maxim, "Equity will not suffer a wrong without a remedy" is a cornerstone of the area of equity and trust law. It expresses the fundamental principle that courts can look to equity to ensur...

This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate relationship between globalization and the evolution of company law, spanning pivotal historical junctures. From the emergence of early ...

The case of Indian Express Newspapers v State of West Bengal (2005) is a significant case in the context of industrial dispute laws in India. The case reaffirms the importance of the situs of e...

Background It's been a while since SEBI has received several suggestions and representations from the industry, market participants various stakeholders, etc. regarding the review of the delis...

India is the fifth largest economy in the world wherein the contribution of companies plays a prominent role as it enables financial stability to people, meets their demands regarding desired g...

In the contemporary years, appreciable upsurge of Special Purpose Acquisition Company ("SPAC") have been witnessed amongst financial market, investment chain and investor community. The unique ...

What is a Merger?A merger of companies refers to the consolidation of two or more separate companies into a single entity. This process involves combining the assets, operations, resources, and...

The relationship between management and law in the organizational framework is very complicated as management impacts on law and vice versa. Tasked with guiding the organization toward its desi...

The practice of a company keep track of its financial transactions is as old as trade itself. The upkeep of precise books of accounts has been vital for the long-term prosperity and viability o...

In India, registering a company is a complex procedure. A company's incorporation process involves a number of officials, including chartered accountants and company secretaries. These individu...

Powers of Directors: Strategic Decision-Making: Directors have the power to make strategic decisions that shape the company's direction, goals, and growth strategies.   Operational Deci...

Appointment of Directors: Nomination and Election: Directors can be nominated or elected based on the company's articles of association, shareholders' agreement, or applicable laws. Nomination m...

The position of directors within a company is a pivotal one, involving various responsibilities, roles, and legal obligations. Directors are entrusted with the management and oversight of the c...

Directors are individuals elected or appointed to oversee the management and operations of a company. They play a vital role in making strategic decisions, providing governance, and ensuring the co...

Swadeshi Cotton Mills vs. Union of India was a historic legal case in India in which issues regarding the right to property, eminent domain, and compensation for the acquisition of private prop...

Due diligence is an inquiry or audit conducted before a transaction, such as an acquisition, investment, business partnership, or bank loan, to guarantee compliance with financial, legal, and e...

Mergers And AcquisitionsResearch Paper on: Strategies and Defences in Hostile Takeovers and Anti-Takeover Measures: A Comprehensive Analysis within the Framework of Mergers and Acquisition S...

India is a country that attracts a lot of private equity and foreign direct investment (FDI) due to its rapid expansion. India has the second-largest population in the world and a wealth of ski...

Transfer of Shares The "Transfer of Shares" refers to the process of transferring ownership of shares from one person or entity (the transferor or seller) to another person or entity...

Certificate of Shares:A "Certificate of Shares" is a physical or electronic document issued by a company to its shareholders as evidence of their ownership of a specific number of sha...

Allotment"Allotment" refers to the process by which a company allocates and assigns shares or securities to individuals or entities who have applied to purchase them. It's a crucial s...

An individual must understand the key differences between Tax Account Deduction Number (TAN) and Permanent Account Number (PAN) Card before starting a business. Any business owner should be ver...

According to Halsburry"s Laws of England, "Winding up is a proceeding using which the dissolution of a company is brought about & in the course of which its assets are collected and realise...

Meaning of Prospectus A prospectus is a formal document issued by a company that provides detailed information about the company's financial condition, business operations, management, and sec...

Company law is a complex and multifaceted field, governed by a multitude of rules, principles, and doctrines. Two crucial concepts within this legal realm are Constructive Notice and the Doctri...

The Memorandum of Association (MOA) and the Articles of Association (AOA) are two important documents that play distinct roles in the formation and governance of a company. While they both serv...

The act of filing a charge provides security and enables the charge holder to collect the claim amount from the security that the company has charged in the charge holder's favor in the event t...

Strategies and Defences in Hostile Takeovers and Anti-Takeover Measures: A Comprehensive Analysis within the Framework of Mergers and Acquisitions Abstract This abstract explores the concept ...

In an era characterized by growing environmental concerns and a pressing need for sustainability, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have taken on a new shade of green. Traditional M&A acti...

A company, which is a legally recognized entity composed of individuals operating a business collectively, is governed by appropriate management and ownership structures. It is well-known that ...

Major authorities under the Companies Act, 2013. There are three major authorities under the Companies Act, 2013. They are: National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) National Company Law Appell...

Ethics are the moral principles that guide our actions and decisions, and they play a pivotal role in the field of accounting. Accounting professionals hold a position of trust in society, as t...

Today, we're delving into a crucial aspect of corporate governance: a director's duty to avoid conflicts of interest. It's a simple yet profound principle enshrined in Section 166 of the Compan...

This article provides a detailed analysis of the development of corporate governance, charting its course through shifting paradigms in reaction to more general changes in society, business, an...

The case of Kotla Venkataswamy vs. Chinta Ramamurthy holds a seminal position in the realm of corporate law and contract enforcement, vividly illustrating the paramount importance of the Doctri...

Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd. is a Landmark case in company law that established a fundamental principle in corporate jurisprudence. It firmly established the idea that a corporation is a s...

Separate Legal Personality (SLP) is the fundamental foundation upon which company law is built. It serves as the bedrock, defining how a company exists and operates within the framework of corp...

The Paytm case, involving many regulatory issues, has been the subject of much deliberation and confusion over the past month. The primary issue in the case has been the question about the owne...

Why Do We Need Company Law?Company Law serves as a crucial framework that governs the formation, operation, and management of companies. Its significance arises from the following key reason...

Meaning In the context of the Companies Act, 2013, the Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental and essential details of a company. It serves as the co...

A business must satisfy various compliance-related requirements upon the establishment to continue operating as per the Companies Act, 2013. The Directors and the Company suffer fines and penal...

Macaura v Northern Assurance Co. Ltd. (December 3, 1924) House of Lords, United Kingdom Parties: Appellant: Mr. Leslie Macaura Respondent: Northern Assurance Company Ltd (the insurance co...

Lee v. Lee's Air Farming Ltd. (October 26, 1960) Privy Council of the United Kingdom Parties: Appellant: Mrs. Lee (Eileen Mary Lee) Respondent: Lee's Air Farming Ltd. (the company) Cas...

Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd. (November 16, 1896) House of Lords, United Kingdom Parties: Appellant: Mr. Aron Salomon (the founder and majority shareholder) Respondents: Salomon & C...

India has experienced a massive wave of change during the last two decades, including liberalization, technical developments, globalization, and sustainable development, to name a few. This inv...

Certificate of Incorporation and its ConsequencesCompany Formation Information Formation of a Company: Choose a Business Structure: Decide on the type of company structure that best suits your...

Formation of a Company The formation of a company involves the process of legally creating a new business entity that is separate from its owners or shareholders. This process involves several...

Meaning "Lifting the corporate veil" is a legal term that refers to a situation in which the courts or regulatory authorities set aside the legal separation between a company and its...

Corporate Personality Corporate personality, also known as corporate legal personality or legal personality, refers to the legal recognition of a company or corporation as a distinct and separ...

The emergence of the Ultra Vires concept has brought about a noteworthy legal development within the Indian judicial system, leaving a lasting impact. This study takes a comprehensive look into...

The foundation of the Indian economy, small and medium-sized enterprises play an essential part in export, GDP, job creation, and inclusive growth. They might think that the GST has substantial...

In the legal landscape, the case of Kotla Venkataswamy vs. Chinta Ramamurthy stands as a significant precedent that delves into the intricacies of corporate law and contract enforcement. This c...

In the wake of the unprecedented disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian securities market embarked on a remarkable journey of growth and expansion. After the pandemic, the I...

India's Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax system that went into effect on July 1, 2017, with the goal of simplifying the complicated taxation system in the nation. It has taken th...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 to provide a framework for international trade and promote free and fair trade among its members. The WTO has 164 member countries, an...

Globalization and corporate governance Globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has transformed the world in many different ways. It refers to the interconnectedness and in...

In a Private Limited Company, the shareholders are involved in deciding who owns the business. You must transfer the shares if you want to bring in new investors or change ownership during the ...

CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility.It is a concept and practice that refers to a company's efforts to make a positive contribution to society and the environment beyond its core and...

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a popular strategy for companies to expand their businesses globally, gain access to new markets, and take advantage of economies of ...

This blog includes information on the corporate identification number (CIN), covering information on the CIN for companies, what it is, how to check it, and other related information. The Regis...

When it comes to giving a loan to the directors, sureties, or security to the directors or entities in which the directors have an interest, we are able to find out a lot of favouritism and bia...

Over the past 50 years, I have witnessed a steady increase in women participating in all aspects of the franchising business sector. The involvement of women in franchising has undergone signif...

ESG Reporting is a disclosure made by companies on the basis of three major factors Environment, Social and Governance. Where companies take lot from society, ESG factors requires companies to ...

In the realm of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), the inclusion of non-compete clauses has been a common practice to protect the interests of parties involved. A non-compete clause restricts ...

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are complex business transactions that involve the consolidation of companies, assets, and resources to create synergies and generate value. While M&A tra...

In the constantly globalizing world economy, foreign direct investment (FDI) has become a key driver of economic growth and development for both host and home countries. As multinational corpor...

In the fast-paced world of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), legal and financial complexities often arise, and understanding the intricacies of various terms and clauses is essential for succ...

If you own an LLC that is not located in Wyoming and wish to do business in Wyoming, you must establish it as a foreign Wyoming LLC. This is done by submitting an Application for Certificate of...

The concept of buyback of securities has gained significant traction as a means for companies to return surplus cash to their shareholders and optimize their capital structure. In recent years,...

In the intricate realm of business transactions, the linchpin often revolves around the pricing clause, a cornerstone within any commercial contract. This clause intricately articulates the pri...

In an era marked by profound financial turmoil, volatile equity markets, deficiencies in corporate earnings, and a surge in commercial and investment conflicts, the global economic landscape wi...

SEBI's Takeover Code: Safeguarding Shareholder Interests The Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeover Regulations of 2011, popularly known as the Takeover Code, represent a comprehensive f...

India's insolvency and bankruptcy laws have undergone a significant transformation with the introduction of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC). This comprehensive legislation marked...

The cornerstone of modern corporate governance lies in the balance of power between majority and minority shareholders within companies. The precedent established in the landmark case of Foss v...

Introduction Ketan Parekh was a prominent stockbroker and investor who was known for his ability to manipulate stock prices and create bull markets in the market.   Parekh used a ...

Whistleblower A person who discloses personal or confidential information about an organization without authorization, usually in connection with fraudulent activities. Whistleblowers generally...

A DIN, or Director Identification Number, must be obtained for everyone who holds a position as a director or partner of a company or LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) that is registered in I...

When choosing a company name, there are numerous dos and don'ts to keep in mind. Keeping these in mind, a proper name should be picked because a business's name has the ability to create or bre...

Regulations and laws about the manufacturing sector are referred to as manufacturing laws. The Factories Act, of 1948 (the " Factories Act") must be followed by every factory in India. If 10 ...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a mere philanthropic endeavor to a fundamental aspect of modern business practices. In today's globalized world, companies are expected to...

A merger is an arrangement that combines two current businesses into a single new business. There are various merger types, and businesses merge for a variety of reasons. Mergers and acquisitio...

Corporate governance has become an increasingly important issue in recent years, with many companies facing scrutiny and criticism over their business practices. The Board of Directors is respo...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is a regulatory body that was established to safeguard the interests of investors, regulate the capital market, and establish a transparent and...

Mergers and acquisitions in recent times due to globalization have gained significant importance. It plays a major role in the activities of the organization. Mergers and acquisitions are consi...

The Social Stock Exchange ("SSE") envisions a fundraising platform where social entrepreneurs and volunteer organizations may obtain finance through equity, debt, or mutual fund units. It is go...

The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era has given rise to electronic contracts, commonly known as e-contracts, revolutionizing the way business transactions are conducted globall...

In the dynamic world of business, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) play a pivotal role in reshaping industries and expanding corporate horizons. However, behind the scenes of these transforma...

An organization's internal policies, procedures, and practises are known as a corporate compliance programme, and they are designed to make sure that all of its workers and agents abide by all ...

Every company starts with a vision to run forever, but not all the companies are able to do so. Just like there are provisions for the incorporation of a company, functioning of a company there...

In the realm of intellectual property protection, patents play a vital role in safeguarding innovative ideas and inventions. A crucial component of the patent application process is the inclusi...

A variety of laws and regulations must be followed by owners of foreign firms doing business in India. The Companies (Registration of Foreign Companies) Rules, 2014, which also control the regi...

A business partnership is a strategy for figuring everything out an organization that is asserted and on occasion run by no less than two people or components. The accomplices share in the ...

Project financing is essentially a type of secured lending. Any transaction in which there is security interest is called a "secured transaction". The presence of security is essential in any t...

Business restructuring is a comprehensive process be it financial or technological or market or organisational. There are various modes by way of which it can take place such as re-organisation...

In the literature, the term Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) is defined in distinct ways. There is no universally agreed-upon definition; rather, it is a communal phrase. Takeovers and rela...

The Stamp duty is a legal tax payable in full and it has an evidentiary value in the courts of law. The stamp duty for different types of documents is prescribed in Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (Act)...

Nowadays mergers and amalgamations in India are increasing rapidly due to continuous changes in dynamics, increasing competition, technology adaptation, business expansion, and globalization of...

Company for raising funds from the market issue shares and the person being issued those shares of the company are called shareholder and those issued debenture are known as debenture holders. ...

Share: Meaning,Definition And Types Meaning Of Shares Capital of the company is divided into number of indivisible units of a fixed amount each of which is called shares according to section ...

With regard to companies law purview, a major concern arises with regard to absence of any specific time between filing of an application for the scheme and its admission before NCLT. The pr...

This research paper explores the historical background of whistleblowing, tracing its origins to 7th-century England with the concept of "qui tam." It delves into the American Foundat...

Wave Mega City Center Private Limited v/s Rakesh Taneja Facts Of The Case: A lease was signed between the Noida authority and wave mega city center private limited for 90 days. Wave Megacity p...

After World War II and World War II, the UN formed to promote peace, security, and cooperation among the nations to have law, order, and justice maintained among the nations. According to the l...

The Article on 'Evolution of differential rights in India' is about one of the most important concepts in Company law and is widely prevalent across the globe. The article discusses the history...

The Principle of a Non-Profit Making Company is not new in India. It was previously governed by Section 25 of the Companies Act of 1956, which is why it was known as a Section 25 Company. Howev...

The issue of a reasonable time is the case's main point. It emphasises that no acceptance after a certain amount of time has passed without being expressed cannot be regarded as valid. The prop...

As a company is considered an Artificial Entity, it must be managed by capable professionals. The term for this group of competent individuals is Directors. A Director's role is to oversee the ...

Policies are created to achieve specific objectives, address issues, or regulate certain activities. Policy provides framework for decision-making and establishes a consistent approach to deal ...

In today's commercial market, corporate corporation faces an ever-increasing competitive and societal challenge. Using the mediating functions of corporate governance to determine the effects o...

Mergers and acquisition in recent times due to globalization has gained significant importance. It plays a major role on the activities of the organization. Mergers and acquisition are consider...

This article examines the obligations of directors in a language in fashion that enlightens training and prospective administrators who are not lawyers by training. The article presents the fac...

In recent years, India has witnessed a surge in the formation of new forms of corporate entities, such as limited liability partnerships (LLPs) and one-person companies (OPCs), which have gaine...

This blog provides an outline of what a fractional share is ,the legal obstacles in the path of implementing it ,whether it is boon if implemented in India ;plus this blog also covers the benef...

In October 2022, The Twitter-Musk saga finally came to end when Elon Musk closed his $44 bn deal to buy the social media service. The acquisition, which was first announced in April 2022, encou...

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a popular corporate strategy for companies seeking to achieve growth, diversification, and competitive advantage in their industries. M&A invo...

There is no definition of "white-collar crime" in any statute. The phrase, which has a colloquial meaning, is used to characteristic a variety of non-violent acts that are carried out...

Business dealings usually involve sharing of information from one end to another. However, this sharing may cause harm to business entities if it is shared with competitors, so to avoid these t...

The Latin root of "company" is "Com- with or together; panis- bread," and it originally referred to a group of people who shared meals. In the unhurried past, merchants held...

Corporate governance is typically perceived by academic literature as dealing with problems that result from separation of ownership and control From this perspective , corporate governance wou...

Corporate governance is typically perceived by academic literature as dealing with problems that result from separation of ownership and control From this perspective , corporate governance wou...

The 'Doctrine of Indoor Management,' also recognised as the 'Turquand's Rule,' is an old established concept that was identified 150 years ago in the perspective of the 'Doctrine of Constructiv...

With the industrialization and globalization, large-scale corporations are coming up throughout the world and are acquired dominant position since the past two centuries, with the development o...

Criminal liability, in its traditional sense, encompasses liability of a person or a group of persons for commission of criminal acts, and is punishable with fine, imprisonment, and even capita...

The concept of small shareholder director was introduced to safeguard the interests of small shareholders in a company. The appointment of a small shareholder director is a measure taken to ens...

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) 2016 is a comprehensive law relating to insolvency and bankruptcy in India. It provides a time-bound and efficient resolution process for insolvent enti...

Starting a new business venture can be a daunting task, and there are many important decisions to be made along the way. One of the most crucial decisions you will make is whether or not to reg...

The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body in India that was established under the Companies Act, 2013. Its primary function is to adjudicate on matters relating to corpo...

"Mergers and Acquisitions" is a technical term for company consolidation. When two companies merge into one entity, it is called a merger, while an acquisition refers to the purchase ...

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) has transformed the insolvency process in India by providing a time-bound and creditor-driven resolution process. In this process, mediation plays...

Insolvency and bankruptcy Code (IBC) 2016 was implemented via an act of Parliament. It got Presidential assent in May 2016. Centre brought the IBC in 2016 to resolve claims concerning insolven...

The impact of technology and digitalization on corporate governance and ethics is a complex and rapidly evolving topic that has become increasingly relevant in today's business landscape. Advan...

In the cutthroat world of business, companies are always looking for ways to gain a competitive advantage. Non-compete agreements have become a popular tool for employers to protect their turf ...

The 1996 Arbitration and Conciliation Act (the Act) was passed in order to prevent excessive court involvement in arbitration. The Act restricts what the courts can do in matters involving arbi...

The Securities and Exchange Board of India was formed after the Indian parliament passed the Securities Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 in response to the financial services assessment progra...

The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction: The Parliament makes a separate set of statutes, rules and legislation as well as constitutional provisions under their well-defined powers. While the f...

With the establishment of the East India Company, legislations regarding company law also paved a way in India. The company legislation in India is built on English companies act, 1844. The fir...

Meaning and Definition The Companies Act'2013 defines a company under Section 2(20) as:  "A company incorporated under this act or any previous company law" In common law, a company is a ...

The Companies Act,2013 has significantly replaced the 1956 act. It has brought some major and efficient changes or evolution in the corporate world. Among these changes, the evolution in the pr...

Does interest form a part of the operational debt unless agreed by both the parties? Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 was established on June 1, 2016 under section 18 of the Companies Act,...

Microfinance companies or institutions (MFIs) act as a bridge to lend money from banks to small business owners at a specific margin. Simply put, these institutes typically support low-income g...

In the year 2005 the government of India constituted an expert committee headed by Dr J.J. Irani to bring changes in the Companies Act, 1956. Pursuant to the recommendations in the JJ Irani rep...

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India make up the framework for corporate governance activities in India (SEBI). Through Clause 49, SEBI oversee...

Corporate restructuring refers to the process of reorganizing a company's structure, operations, finances, or other aspects to improve its financial performance and competitiveness. This can in...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability are two important concepts that have gained significant attention in recent years. CSR refers to the voluntary actions taken by companie...

The security market refers to a platform where securities such as stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments are bought and sold. The security market plays a crucial role in the economy as ...

A director is a person who holds a leadership position in a company and is responsible for making major decisions that affect the company's operations, finances, and future. The director is app...

Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. It encompasses all mechanisms that ensure accountability, fairness, a...

A merger is a combination of two or more companies into a single entity. Mergers can occur between companies in the same industry or in different industries, and can be structured in a variety ...

Mergers and Acquisitions are are considered to be a major restructuring of the company, which involves a tedious and lengthy process. Only when all the steps in the process are successfully com...

The Delhi High Court has ruled that a moratorium under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) will not prevent the attachment of properties of a corporate debtor under the Prevention of Money...

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) is a law passed by the Indian government in 2016, which consolidates the laws related to insolvency and bankruptcy of companies and individuals. The law est...

Merger between companies happen for achieving economies of scale and other benefits. The stakeholders of the company are impacted during the process and completion of the merger. Employee's are...

Companies select potential target for acquiring during mergers and acquisitions through a process called target selection. This process typically involves several steps, including: Defining ...

A merger in simple terms is amalgamation between two companies. A merger can be unsuccessful for a variety of reasons. One of the main reasons is poor communication and planning. A lack of clea...

Mega mergers, also known as large-scale mergers and acquisitions (M&A), happen for several reasons. One of the main reasons is to achieve economies of scale. When two large companies merge,...

The term "energy justice" refers to the pursuit of social and economic fairness in the energy sector and the alleviation of the economic, social, and health burdens experienced by tho...

In the corporate sector, the majority rule is used to make all democratic choices and to govern a corporation, which is thought to be equitable and fair. The majority rule, which governs decisi...

A Company Secretary is a senior position in a company, responsible for ensuring that the company complies with legal and regulatory requirements, and that board decisions are properly implement...

A Chartered Accountant (CA) is a true partner to business success. With their extensive knowledge and expertise in accounting, finance and business management, CAs are able to provide valuable ...

A Company Secretary is a vital member of any organization, responsible for ensuring that the company complies with legal and regulatory requirements and for providing advice on good corporate g...

Whether a Private Limited company is a boon or bane to startups depends on various factors and can vary from case to case. Here are a few pros and cons to consider: Pros: Limited Liabilit...

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are considered one of the effective ways through which a business can plan to grow rapidly. Different firms and companies with their vivid yearly turnover hav...