Corporate law encompasses the regulations and statutes that govern the formation and operation of corporations. Several landmark cases have significantly shaped corporate law, influencing how businesses operate today.

• Dodge v. Ford Motor Co. (1919): This case established the principle that a corporation primarily exists to benefit its shareholders. The Dodge brothers sued Henry Ford for not paying special dividends, arguing that his plan to reinvest profits into the company and expand operations was detrimental to shareholder interests.
   
• Business Roundtable v. SEC (2006): This case revolved around the SEC’s authority to impose rules regarding the disclosure of executive compensation. The Business Roundtable argued that the SEC’s rules were too burdensome. The court ruled in favor of the Business Roundtable, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to regulatory measures affecting corporations.
   
• Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd. (1897): This case established the principle of corporate personality, confirming that a corporation has its own legal identity separate from its shareholders. This doctrine protects shareholders from being personally liable for the company's debts beyond their investment in shares.
   
• Revlon, Inc. v. MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Inc. (1986): This case clarified the duties of a board of directors during a takeover. The Delaware Supreme Court ruled that once a company is up for sale, the board’s primary duty is to maximize shareholder value, guiding corporate behavior during mergers and acquisitions.
   
• Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010): A pivotal case in corporate law and campaign finance, the Supreme Court ruled that corporations and unions could spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns. This decision has sparked extensive debate on the influence of money in politics.

Conclusion
These cases illustrate the evolving nature of corporate law and the balance between protecting shareholder interests, ensuring fair business practices, and regulating corporate behavior. Understanding these landmark cases provides insight into the legal framework that governs corporations today.