Naxal is the group of left radical communist party and supporter of Mao Zadong ideologies. Naxalite movement is an insurgencies which was took place between peasants and landlords on 1967 in Naxalbari village of West Bengal. The movement were originated by Kanu Sanyal, Charu Majumdar and Jangal Santhal they were the supporter of radical communist party.

At primary level this movement had started in West Bengal and later it spread to all over India. Currently this group of people are active in 72 districts of 9 different states. It is the only movement which having started in one police station of a single district in West Bengal in 1967 has expanded its activities covering over 460 police stations in 72 districts across 9 states despite the police force and infrastructure having grown manifold during this period.

"The movement is viewed with greater anxiety in the government because it is most intense precisely in areas which are rich in natural resources and, therefore, targeted for fast-track industrial development. The movement is also uniqe in that it tends to mobilize the most subdued and socially marginalized sections and lays bare, as probably no other movement has done, the sharp fissures in the society, politics and economy"[1].

Methodology
In this study you will understand the real facts about "Naxalism". This research tries to establish the real facts by a critical examination of data through descriptive[2] and explanatory[3] study of material which have been collected from secondary sources such as books, journal, websites, experiment of researcher etc.

In this research an unbiased and impartial investigation of data has been placed. Quantitative & Qualitative research design has been used. The research neither have any intention to hurt anyone personal sentiments nor have any intention to mislead someone the documents just tries to establish real facts.

Introduction
Naxalite are a group of left radical communist and the supporter of Maoist political ideology. The word Naxalite derived from the word "Naxalbari" which is the name of a village of west Bengal where a peasant insurgencies took place on 1967 against the landlords. Generally the majority of people of naxalite group are belongs to labourer, adibashi, and unemployed and mostly of them are living in remote area where the development failed to reach yet.

At very first this movement had started in Naxalbari village and gradually spread to all over India. At initial stage this movement started against the landlords by peasants but now they are fighting for the all poor, downtrodden and socially backward classes. And now they are significantly active in 72 districts of 9 different states and gradually it is becoming threat to the Development of Indian economy.

In India about 8% people are adhibasi and 92% of them living in tribal areas such as forest and hills and this tribal areas are far away from development or the government failed to give them a secure or peaceful life and this are the main causes for increasing number of naxalite movement in this areas. According shri Gadar "the revolutionary poet support Naxalism and said Naxalism is the result of failure of democracy."

Origin:
Naxalism was originated by the gentleman Kanu Sanyal, Charu Majumdar and Jangal Santhal

Kanu Sanyal, "who were follower of communist ideology. He think the economic freedom will come when you fight with maximum wealth holder[4]."

Charu Majumdar, who were inspired by the various ideology of Mao Zedong of china. He said, "That Indian peasants and lower class tribal's overthrow the government and upper class by force for whom he held responsible for their commitment." A large of urban elites were also attracted to the ideology, which spread through Charu Majumdar writing particularly the "eight historic documents" which formed basis naxalite ideology. Charu Majumdar wanted a prolonged people's war in India similar to Chinese revolution 1949.

And Jangal Santhal, who started his political carrier on 1949 in Nepal. Santhal was a popular person among the Adivashi, peasants and tea labourers of Darjeeling. Santhal stood in election for communist party of India and communist party of India(Marxist) on 1957,1962 and 1967 but he had been unsuccessful to achieved winning number of votes. Santhal was front warrior of the naxalite movement.

The Naxalite movement first time appeared on 1967 in Naxalbari village of West Bengal by peasants against the landlords and this movement was leading by Charu Majumdar, kanu sanyal, and jangal santhal.. Initially the Naxalite movement originated in West Bengal and had later moved to the less developed rural areas in southern and eastern India including in the state of chhatisgarh, Odisha, Andhrapradesh, and telengana.

Some Naxalite group have legal organisations as representative in the parliament like the communist party of India, liberal and communist party of India. As of 2018 the where the states where Naxalites are most visible these are:
Chhatisgarh, Odisha, Andhrapradesh, and telengana

It was the year of 1967, It had been 20 years since India achieved independence from the British but the country still following the colonial land tenancy system. Indigenous landlords were allotted a piece of land in return of collection of tax revenue and this landlords were giving subleased of their lands to the peasants for half of yield.

According to 1971 census[5], about 60% of people of the population were landless and the major share of land were in the hands of 4% richest peoples. The peasants were exploited by the landlords raised their bow and arrows in insurgencies. And this was the primary cause of this movement.

Causes behind Naxalism:

1. Improper implementation of Government's plans:
   Generally most of the tribal people are living in remote areas and because of remoteness and tough to reach there the development also failed to reach here even after many years of independent the government failed to implement adequate development in this areas. MNNREGA, PMGSY, PDS, Mid-day mill are the programs for underprivileged people but this programs are failed to took adequate changes because of the corrupted authority and government improper supervision.
   
   According to 2010 census[6] about 37% of tribal students were leaving their school at primary level and about 78% tribal students leave their school at high school level because of poverty. Many decades had been passed after independent but yet government failed to secure a dignified and peaceful life for this tribal people because of this there is no way left for to this people except to join violence for living.
    
2. Economic Deprivation:
   The main reason behind the growing of Naxalism is increasing awareness among the tribal about their socio economic deprivation. The tribal people's socio economic condition is very poor even the government do nothing for their development. They have understood that without proper governance no development will take place.
   
   The government expending crores of rupees on every year for implementing plans and programs for their development. But no development are taking place for them instead of development of the rich who becoming richer and poor poorer. According Washington report there are 20 lakh crore rupees the Indian government lost in corruption, tax evasion and bankruptcy from independent this is extreme shame for India. The tribal people understood that without good governance no development will take place which bring them closer to Naxalism.
    
3. Improper Management of forest resources:
   "In the colonial ruling the British administration passed law to create monopolization of forest resources and this system was continuous even after independent the Indian government try to use forest resources this situation led the forest dwellers to fight to save their forest.[7]"
    
4. Sexual Exploitation & False Charges against tribal:
   Tribal people are living in remote areas where the development , education and legal awareness yet to spread properly because of this the tribal women sexually harassed by many government employee and police framing false charges against the tribal people. This things are creating anti-government feeling in them.
    
5. Unemployment:
   Unemployment is the root cause for the tribal people joining naxal . as per some report about 60% people of tribal area are living in rural and 32% are living in urban are below poverty line and approx. 76% of them are farmer or agriculture labor. Several report reveal that 20 rupees is the daily expense of 60% of people of India. The Indian government framing various plans and programmes for development of this people but because of improper awareness, corruption and middleman this plans are failed to make any changes in this areas. To get rid of this humiliation and pathetic life the youth are joining naxal and by the naxal they are giving education to their fellows.

Remedies of Naxalism:

Basically the Naxalite Movement is a movement to snatch the peaceful & developed living life which the government failed to provide them. The participants of this movements are belongs to Adhibasi, laborer, Unemployed youth & socially backward class mostly of them living in remote areas where the development failed reach or the government were failed to give them a peaceful & standard life. So if the government wants to stop this movement the government have to take some measures.

Which mentioned below:

1. Setup proper Infrastructure to Educate the people living in Remote Areas:
   "If young minds can changed by teaching of naxalism, why cannot the same minds changed through education?"[8]
   
   The majority of peoples living in remote or tribal areas are Uneducated it sounds bad but it is reality. As per census 2011 the literacy rate of India were 74.04% and in remote areas or tribal areas this rate decreased to about 38%. Due to lack of proper education the peoples living in this areas are not so aware about the consequences of their act or some educated peoples of this area are fighting to give their child a proper education environment which the government failed to give them.
   
   Though The Indian government had have launched many scheme to spread education in this areas but due to improper implementation plan or corrupted employees this scheme had failed to reach its destination. The government should take necessary measures to setup a corruption free government offices so they can successfully implement the various education programs of the government and the people for whom this programs had launched get benefited.
    
2. To give employment to the youth:
   Tribal are mainly living at remote rural areas, hills and forest where infrastructural facilities such as road transport, electricity, healthcare, educational institutions are not available in this area due to this the peoples of there have failed to get job. The government has launched NREGA for providing 100 days job to a male member of a family but I think this is in sufficient this should be extend to 365 days and try to setup various industries, school, colleges which support the people to manage job.
    
3. Good Governance:
   The government of India launching various programs and policies for socio economic development of socially backward, downtrodden, poor and tribal people. This plans implemented through various ministries of government. But separate research reveal that this schemes & plans are not implemented in proper way.
   
   As per to senior police official, Shri Prakash Singh:
   "Slowly and gradually the power has been shifted to the hands of corrupt people, and criminals have taken upper hand in the society, as a result of which people's expectations with the democratic government has been shattered." Therefore, the government should take necessary measures to setup a translucent administration system in where the honest, sincere official should be appointed and they are persuaded to help poor and downtrodden class.
    
4. Invoking Social Responsibility between people:
   A country or a society cannot grow without sense of social responsibility between its people. The industrialist who have industries in the remote areas should exhibit social responsibility by setting up school, colleges and health center for welfare of the poor people. And the persons from this areas by the support of the various scheme of government held high official post in the government, industries and political parties should contribute something to their own community.

Conclusion
The word Naxalism first time brought to light on 1967 in Naxalbari village of northern west Bengal. Where the revolt of peasant against landowners took place. Naxalite is the group of radical communist party and supporter of Maoist ideology but gradually it was gone far away from this ideology and slowly it was becoming threat to development of Indian economy and It is harming innocent people. Naxalism is the major threat ever faced by our country since independence.

Now the movement spread all over India and about 72 districts of 9 different states are affected by them. May be the activity of this group is illegal but they are the result of negligence and improper supervision of the government who are failed to give them a dignified and peaceful life. Sir gadar a revolutionary poet supported Naxalism and said "Naxalism is the failure of Democracy."

This group of people are majorly belongs to tribal remote area due to remoteness of this place the development failed to reach there though the government launched various programs to overcome it but due to widespread corruption , middleman and improper supervision this plans were failed to bring any changes . The reason behind this movement is poverty, unemployment and lack of dignified living standard.

Suggestion
It has been 73 years of independence still approx. 27% of people are below poverty line, 25% of population still uneducated. The only way to overcome this issue is development only by development it can be cured .the government should take necessary measures to implement the government various plans such as - MNNREGA, PDS, MID-DAY-MILL, SSA properly, And the government should take necessary measures to setup a translucent administration system in where the honest, sincere official should be appointed and they are persuaded to help poor and downtrodden class.

The presence of social responsibility is expected from industrialists who are doing business in this areas should setup school, colleges and health center for the welfare of the people living here. If young minds can changed by teaching of naxalism, why cannot the same minds changed through education?

The phenomenon Bollywood actor Om Puri, said "Naxal are not terrorists group because they don't resort to irresponsible acts of terror by planning bombs on streets. Naxal are fighter who fight for their rights. They do not harass the common man or poor." "Though they are fighting for their right but if you make wrong to fight then there is no meaning of right to fight."[9]

Webliography/Bibliography:

1. Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)(Last modified September 2014)
2. Naxalism India, available at:https://www.slideshare.net/priyankajoshi9/naxalism-in-india-51813243 ( last modified Aug.19, 2015)
3. Naxalite Movement in Tribal Areas of India: Causes and Suggestions, available at: https://www.etribaltribune.com/index.php/volume-4/mv4i2/naxalite-movement-in-tribal-areas-of-india-causes-and-suggestions( last update 2021)
4. Portrait of Population - Census 1971 India, available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php ( May 28,2021)
5. Cencus 2010 of India, available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables( last update Nov 2021)
6. R.P. Saharia. Naxalism and its impact in India. Research J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 5(2): April-June, 2014, 180-190.
    

End-Notes:

1. R.P. Saharia. Naxalism and its impact in India. Research J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 5(2): April-June, 2014, 180-190.
2. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied.
3. Explanatory research generally focuses on the "why" questions.
4. Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)(Last modified September 2014)
5. Portrait of Population - Census 1971 India, available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php ( May 28,2021)
6. Cencus 2010 of India, available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables( last update nov 2021)
7. Naxalite Movement in Tribal Areas of India: Causes and Suggestions, available at: https://www.etribaltribune.com/index.php/volume-4/mv4i2/naxalite-movement-in-tribal-areas-of-india-causes-and-suggestions( last update 2021)
8. Naxalism in india, available at:https://www.slideshare.net/priyankajoshi9/naxalism-in-india-51813243 ( last modified Aug.19, 2015)
9. Naxalism in India, available at:https://www.slideshare.net/priyankajoshi9/naxalism-in-india-51813243 (last modified Aug.19, 2015)