Awards and Settlement:

The Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 which extends to the whole of India came into operation on the first day of April 1947. As per Preamble of the said Act, it is enacted to make a provision for the investigation and settlement of the dispute and certain other purposes such as recovery of money from the employer in terms of Settlement or Award by making an application to the appropriate government. The purpose and aim of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 is to minimize the conflict between labour and management and to ensure, as far as possible, Economic and Social Justice. The act has made comprehensive provisions both for this settlement of disputes and prevention of disputes in certain Industries.

Method of settlement of Industrial Dispute-

In the interests of the industry in particular and the national economy in general, cordial relations between the employer and employees should be maintained. To ensure cordial labour management relations and to achieve industrial harmony, the following methods of settlement of industrial disputes are provided under the Act -

Collective Bargaining - Collective Bargaining or Negotiation is one of the methods for settlement of an industrial dispute. It plays significant role in promoting labour management relations and in ensuring industrial harmony

Collective Bargaining is a process/Method by which problems of wages and conditions of employment are settled amicably, peacefully and voluntarily between labour and management. In collective bargaining, the parties to the dispute I.e., the employer and the employees/workmen settle their disputes by mutual discussions and agreements without the intervention of a third party. Such settlements are called "bipartite settlement". Therefore, settlement of labour disputes by direct Negotiation or settlement through collective bargaining is always preferable as it is the best way for the betterment of labour disputes. Collective Bargaining is recognized as a right of social importance and greater emphasis is placed on it by India's five year plans. The term 'Collective Bargaining' was coined for the first time by Sidney and Webb in their famous book 'Industrial Democracy' published in 1897. It means

Negotiation between an employer and group of workers to reach agreement on working conditions. N. W. Chamberlain (in his 'Source Book on Labour: 1958 p. 327) described collective bargaining as "the process whereby management and Union agree on the terms under which workers shall perform their duties". In simple word, collective bargaining means "Bargaining between an employer or group of employers and a bonafide Labour Union".

2) Conciliation -Conciliation is a process, by which a third party persuades the parties to the industrial dispute to come to an amicable settlement. Such third party is called 'Conciliation Officer' of Board of Conciliation. Sections 4 and 5 of the act provide for the appointment of Conciliation Officer and the constitution of the Board of Conciliation respectively.

3) Voluntarily Arbitration - The expression 'Arbitration' simply means "the settlement or determination of a dispute outside the court". Parties to the dispute, without going to the Court of law, may refer the dispute/Matter to a person in whom they have faith, to suggest an amicable solution. Such person, who acts as a mediator between the disputants to settle the dispute is called "Arbitrator". The decision given by the parties, which is binding on the parties, is called "Award". Therefore Arbitration is a judicial process under which one or more outsiders render a binding decision based on the merits of the dispute. Section 10-A of the industrial dispute act, 1947 confers on parties, power to enter into Arbitration agreement. The agreement must be in prescribed form and must specify the name/names of the arbitrator or arbitrators.

4) Adjudication -When an industrial dispute could not be settle either through bipartite negotiations or through the Conciliation machinery or through the voluntary Arbitration, the final stage resorted to, for settlement of an industrial dispute is Adjudication or compulsory Adjudication, which envisages Governmental reference to statutory bodies such as Labour Court or Industrial Tribunal or National Tribunal. Section 7, 7-A and 7-B of the Industrial disputes Act, 1947 provide for the constitution of Labour Court, Industrial Tribunal and Labour Tribunal respectively.

What is award?

The judgment of an arbitrator is called his Award. Award (Judgement) of Arbitrators under section 10A is an Award.

Definition of Award
Section 2(b) of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 defines Award as follows - According to Section 2(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 ‘Award’ means an interim or a final determination of any Industrial Dispute or of any question relating thereto by any Labour Court, Industrial Tribunal or National Industrial Tribunal and includes an arbitration award made under section 10A.

Ingredients of Award - To constitute Award under Section 2(b) of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 the following ingredients are to be satisfied-
(a) An Award is an interim or final determination of an industrial dispute.
(b) It is an Interim or final determination of any question relating to such dispute.
(c) Such interim or final determination is made by any Labour Court, Industrial Tribunal or National Industrial Tribunal.
(d) Award (Judgement) of Arbitrators under section 10A is an award.

What is Settlement?

According to Section 2 (p) of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 “Settlement” means a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceeding and includes a written agreement between the employer and workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding where such agreement has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereof has been sent to an officer authorised in this behalf by the appropriate Government and the conciliation officer.

Procedure for Settlement of Industrial Disputes

The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides procedure for settlement of industrial disputes, which must be followed in all “public utility service”, has been defined in section 2 (n) of the Act so as to include “any railway, postal, telegraph or telephone service that supplies power, water and light to the public, any system of public conservancy or sanitation, any section of an industrial establishment on the working of which the safety of the establishment or the workmen employed therein depend and any industry which keeping in view the public emergency has been declared as such by the appropriate Government”. As laid down in the Act a dispute should first go through the process of conciliation before it could be referred to the appropriate authorities for adjudication33. Where any industrial dispute exists or is apprehended, the Conciliation Officer may or where the dispute relates to a public utility service and a notice under Section 22 has been given shall hold conciliation proceedings in prescribed manner.

Conciliation proceedings can be stated in case of dispute that actually exists or when there is reasonable ground to apprehend that an industrial dispute is likely to come into existence unless something is done to prevent or where both parties to dispute approach the Government separately for conciliation. Conciliation proceedings are deemed to have been started from the date on which a notice issued to the parties to appear before the conciliation officer who may meet them jointly or separately.

The Conciliation Officer must submit his report to the Government within fourteen days of the starting of conciliation proceedings. During this period he tries to bring about a fair and amicable settlement between the parties to dispute. If a settlement arrived at, the Conciliation Officers will send a report to the Government along with a memorandum of settlement duly signed by both parties. This settlement come into force from the date agreed upon by the parties to dispute or in its absence the date on which it was signed by them and is binding for a period of six months unless agreed upon otherwise, and after the period afore said, until expiry of two months from the date on which a notice in waiting of the intention to terminate the settlement is given by one of the parties to the other party or parities to the settlement. Such a settlement is binding on all parties to the industrial dispute, to the employer, his heirs, successors or assignees and to the workmen employed in the establishment on the date of the dispute and all the persons who subsequently become employed therein. If no settlement is reached by the parties, the conciliation officer will submit his report to the appropriate Government stating the reasons for which he thinks no settlement could be arrived at as well as the facts of the case.

Action by the Government:
On receipt of the report from the Conciliation Officer, the Government will come to a decision on whether the circumstances and the facts of the case as such to justify a further reference. The Government has to arrive at ‘prima facie’ conclusion that the nature of the dispute justifies a further reference. If in the opinion of the Government, there is a scope of arriving at a settlement by further conciliation efforts, it may refer the case to the Board of Conciliation.

Collective Bargaining as a method of Settlement of Industrial Disputes

Collective bargaining as such is one of the most developed in Indian history since independence, and deserves the attention of all who areconcerned with the preservation of industrial peace and implement of industrial productivity. In the ‘laissez faire’ the employers enjoyed unfettered rights to hire and fire. They had much superior bargaining power and were in a position to dominate over the workmen. There are some routine criticism of the adjudicatory system i.e., delay, expensive.

Governmental interference in referrals and uncertain out come. Thereforethe parties to the industrial dispute are coming closure to the idea that ‘direct negotiations provide better approach to resolving key deference over wages and other conditions of employment 2.

The system of collective bargaining as a method of settlement of industrial dispute has been adopted in industrially advanced countries. The common law emphasis to individual contract of employment is shafted tocollective agreement negotiated by and with reprehensive groups.35“The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947” which provides for the machinery for the settlement of industrial disputes 36.

Distinction between Award and Settlement

No	Award	Settlement
	Section 2(b) of the Industrial dispute Act 1947 defines Award.	Section 2(p) of the Industrial dispute Act 1947 defines Settlement.
	Award means an interim or a final determination of any industrial dispute or of any question relating thereto by any Labour Court, Industrial Tribunal or National Industrial Tribunal and includes an arbitration award made under Section 10-A.	Settlement means a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceeding and includes a written agreement between the employer and workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding where such agreement has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereof has been sent to an officer authorized in this behalf by the appropriate Government and the conciliation officer.
	It is the decision given by the arbitrator, Labour Court or Industrial Tribunal.	It is arrived at as a result of conciliation between the parties to the settlement.
	It resembles the judgment of a Court. It is to be signed by the Presiding Officer.	It resembles a gentleman agreement. It is signed by the parties to the dispute.

On whom Awards and Settlements are binding-

According to Section 18 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 Awards and Settlements are binding on the following persons -

A settlement arrived at by agreement between the employer and workman otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding shall be binding on the parties to the agreement.
Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3), an arbitration award which has become enforceable shall be binding on the parties to the agreement who referred the dispute to arbitration.

A settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings and an award of a Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal shall be binding on-

All parties to the industrial dispute;

All other parties summoned to appear in the proceedings as parties to the dispute, unless the Board, arbitrator Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal, as the case may be, records the opinion that they were so summoned without proper cause;

Where a party referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) is an employer, his heirs, successors or assigns in respect of the establishment to which the dispute relates;

All persons who were employed in the establishment or part of the establishment on the date of the dispute and all persons who subsequently become employed in that establishment or part.

Penalty for breach of Settlement or Award
If any person who commits breach of any terms of a settlement or Award is liable for punishment. The punishment provided for is imprisonment which may extend to 6 months or with fine or with both.

Period of operation of Awards and Settlement

Section 19 of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 provides for the period of operation of Award and Settlement.

A settlement shall come into operation on such date as is agreed upon by the parties to the dispute, and if no date is agreed upon, on the date on which the memorandum of the settlement is signed by the parties to the dispute.

Such settlement shall be binding for such period as is agreed upon by the parties, and if no such period is agreed upon, for a period of six months from the date on which the memorandum of settlement is signed by the parties to the dispute, and shall continue to be binding on the parties after the expiry of the period aforesaid, until the expiry of two months from the date on which a notice in writing of an intention to terminate the settlement is given by one of the parties to the other party or parties to the settlement.

An award shall, subject to the provisions of this section, remain in operation for a period of one year from the date on which the award becomes enforceable under section 17A.
Provided that the appropriate Government may reduce the said period and fix such period as it thinks fit: Provided further that the appropriate Government may, before the expiry of the said period, extend the period of operation by any period not exceeding one year at a time as it thinks fit so, however, that the total period of operation of an award does not exceed three years from the date on which it came into operation.

Where the appropriate Government, whether of its own motion or on the application of any party bound by the award, considers that since the award was made, there has been a material change in the circumstances on which it was based, the appropriate Government may refer the award or a part of it to a Labour Court, if the award was that of a Labour Court or to a Tribunal, if the award was that of a Tribunal or of a National Tribunal, for decision whether the period of operation should not, by reason of such change, be shortened and the decision of Labour Court or the Tribunal, as the case may be on such reference shall be final.

Conclusion:
A settlement is an agreement reached among the parties to a workers' compensation claim. This includes you, your employer and the workers' compensation insurer (unless your employer is self-insured). This is a type of contract, and it may bar you from seeking further compensation for your injury.

An award, on the other hand, is granted to you by the workers' compensation court. This may include medical benefits or other types of workers' compensation awards based on the specifics of your injury. For example, a judge can order - or an insurance company can admit for - temporary and permanent disability benefits. This isn't a settlement. You don't have to sign away any rights to get these benefits.

If you need help determining whether you received an award or a settlement, we can help. We can review your situation and help you understand your legal options. We can also advise you before you accept an award or settlement. At every stage of your case, we will work to ensure that you receive the full and fair benefits you need under Colorado's workers' comp laws.

According to Section2(p) of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 “Settlement” means a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceeding and includes a written agreement between the employer and workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding where such agreement has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereof has been sent to an officer authorised in this behalf by the appropriate Government and the conciliation officer.