The Ozone Subcaste is the alternate- smallest subcaste in the atmosphere of earth. It's the subcaste of the stratosphere. The Ozone subcaste cover the earth from dangerous ultraviolet radiation which directly comes from the sun. The ozone subcaste acts a guard for the earth. Ozone contains the O3 element, which principally involves three molecules of oxygen which are n't been prepared instinctively. Due to heavy product of chlorofluorocarbons( CFC) feasts these O3 factors gets damage, which leads to reduction of ozone subcaste.

Article 21 of Indian Constitution states that every person has right to live in a pollution free terrain and has a heathy terrain. This composition also include fresh air, water, and healthy terrain. So, it's a right of every person that they can live on the pollution free terrain. An individualities can claim for the clean and healthy terrain.

In case of [Vellor citizinen weal forum][1] case in which court stated that the diligence was liable to pay the pollution forfeitures and compensate the people who are affected from this.
Also, in the case of [Shubhas Kumar V. State of Bihar][2], court held that under article 21 of Indian Constitution includes to live in a pollution free terrain.

What Is Ozone Layer

The ozone layer is the layer of the stratosphere; it is the second smallest layer of the atmosphere. The ozone layer contains O₃ molecules, which have three atoms of oxygen, and it cannot be produced naturally. The ozone layer primarily protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays that come directly from the sun. Due to this, people may suffer from serious diseases like skin cancer, weakened immune systems, skin burns, etc. The main cause of ultraviolet rays is chlorocarbon, which is released from using refrigerators, air conditioners, and other electrical appliances.
 

Reduction of Ozone Layer

The reduction of the ozone layer leads to the thinning of the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere. Currently, the reduction of the ozone layer is a serious problem worldwide. Due to the reduction of the ozone layer, conditions and problems are arising such as:

• Skin damage
• Weaker immunity systems
• Skin cancer
• Other health-related issues

The main reason for causing the reduction of the ozone layer is Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other harmful gases. The major sources of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are refrigerators, air conditioners, etc., which release a large number of CFCs.
 

Reasons for Causing the Ozone Layer Depletion

1. Chlorofluorocarbons: It is the main cause of the reduction of the ozone layer. CFCs are released from air conditioners, refrigerators, solvents, etc. They release chlorine, which directly damages the stratosphere, causing the ozone layer to deplete.
2. Nitrogen Compounds: Nitrogen compounds like NO₂, NO, N₂O, etc., are also largely responsible for the reduction of the ozone layer.
3. Rocket Launching: The frequent launching of rockets can also damage the stratosphere, leading to rapid ozone layer depletion.
4. Natural Processes: Natural processes like sunspots and others can cause 1% to 2% damage to the ozone layer.
5. Global Warming: Through the process of global warming and the greenhouse effect, much of the heat gets trapped, damaging the stratosphere layer, which contributes to ozone layer depletion.

Way Taken in Government of India

Nowadays, ozone layer depletion is a challenge across the world, leading to dangerous diseases for living beings. To reduce such depletion, the Government of India has taken steps like proscribing the ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances) by signing international agreements like the Montreal Protocol and implementing various domestic programs and policies.

• Precluding the Use of ODS
  Ozone layer depletion substances (ODS) such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl bromide, HCFCs, halons, HBFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform, etc. The government promotes alternatives to reduce the use of ODS by encouraging eco-friendly methods, especially in electronics.
• National Programs
  The Government of India has taken steps to control the import and export of ODS and regulate its use, including licensing and bans.
• Promoting Alternatives
  The Government promotes bans on ODS and offers various alternatives to reduce their use. It encourages the use of electronic items in ways that do not release large amounts of ODS, ensuring eco-friendly practices.
• Montreal Protocol
  The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement signed in 1987 to protect the ozone layer from ODS. It was adopted by Canada on 16 September 1987 and signed by 197 countries. In 1989, it globally phased out ODS. India became part of this agreement on 19 June 1992 to reduce its high ODS production and ensure a healthy ozone layer.
• ICAP (India Cooling Action Plan)
  India introduced the Indian Cooling Action Plan for long-term cooling strategies aimed at reducing the use of refrigerators, ACs, and other electronics that release CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances. This plan helps control ODS emissions and contributes to a healthier ozone layer.
• Kigali Amendment
  The Kigali Amendment is a climate-focused agreement adopted in October 2016. Led by the United States and joined by 197 countries, it aims to phase down HFCs under the Montreal Protocol. The amendment focuses on cutting the consumption of CFCs and HFCs, which are also greenhouse gases.
• Act Passed
  The Government of India enacted the Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. The main objectives are:
  • To protect the ozone layer.
  • To implement the Montreal Protocol.
  • To control ODS.
  • To regulate the import and export trade of ODS and licensing.
  • To phase out ODS.
  Important Provisions of the Act:
  • Section 2(i): Defines "ozone-depleting substance" as specified in Column (2) of Schedule I, whether by itself or in a mixture, excluding substances or mixtures in manufactured products other than containers used for transport or storage.
  • Section 3: No person shall produce ODS after the date specified in Schedule V.
  • Section 4: No person shall import ODS as specified in Schedule VI.
  • Section 5: No person shall import/export ODS without a valid license issued by the authority.
  • Section 6: No person shall trade or display ODS unless registered or permitted under Column (4) of the Schedule.
  • Section 13: Deals with procedures for registration and cancellation of orders.
  • Section 14: Deals with monitoring and reporting obligations.

Case Laws:

• Pritpal Singh v. Union of India
  This case involves a challenge to the restriction of ODS under Schedule I of the Ozone Depleting Substances Rules, 2000.
• Khem Chand S/O Sh. Kadam Singh and Others v. The State of Haryana
  The court held that the company could manufacture its products but without the use of ozone-depleting substances.

Conclusion
Ozone subcaste is the alternate last subcaste of the earth face, ozone subcaste reduction lead to thinning in the ozone subcaste, from which living beings faces a major problems like, skin cancer, skin related dieses, weaker immunity system etc. the ozone subcaste depleting substances are CFCs and HCFCs, methyl bromide etc, which was induce from using the electrical appliances like AC, Refrigerator etc. to reduce similar ODS government of India has taken a way towards it like by subscribing the Montreal protocol, Kargil correction and by passing The Ozone Depleting Substances( Regulation And Control) Rules, 2000.

End Notes:

1. Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs Union Of India & Ors, AIR 1996 SC 2715.
2. Shubhas Kumar v. State of Bihar, 1991 AIR 420.
3. Pritpal Singh vs Union Of India, 16 August, 2017.

Also Read:

• Ozone Depletion In International Trends