Crime Scene

• A crime scene is defined as the location in which a crime has been committed or where any evidence related to the crime can be found.
• It is the first indication of an investigatory place where forensic experts collect people to build clues.
• A crime scene can be primary (where the crime took place) or secondary (where other evidence related to the crime is found).
• Preservation and analysis of the crime scene are elements that help in the extension of a case.
• It is sealed in order to avoid contamination or loss of any evidence.

Preservation of Crime Scene

The crime scene must be preserved, as it makes a difference in the findings of an investigation.

Steps to preserve the crime scene:

1. Secure the area: No unauthorized entry into this area.
2. Medical Treatment: An individual may need some first aid.
3. Keep out uninvited persons: Only forensic experts and authorized personnel are allowed.
4. Preliminary examination: For investigation purposes and analyzing and recording data.
5. Document the scene: Notes, sketches, and photographs are taken before evidence collection.

Recording of Crime Scene

Recording is a useful way of recreating the crime scene and preserving the evidential integrity.

Three main methods of recording:

1. Notes: The investigators record what they observe.
2. Sketches: Drawings of the crime scene layout capturing evidence placement.
3. Photography: Visual proof of the crime scene and evidence.
4. Proper documentation: Prevents misinterpretation and helps in legal proceedings.
5. Recording Crime Scene: Ensures accuracy in evidence collection.

Issues Related to Crime Scene

These are a few of the many challenges that affect crime scene investigation:

1. Contamination: Unintentional evidence tampering.
2. Interference: Unauthorized people intrude into the scene.
3. Incomplete records: Missing or incomplete records.
4. Poorly trained: Lack of proper forensic experts.
5. Poor preservation: Evidence mishandled.
6. Limited resources: Lack of forensic staff and tools.

Role of Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation

In the absence of witnesses, forensic evidence comes in handy in solving crimes:

1. Forensic scientists analyze clues like fingerprints, DNA, blood samples, and weapons.
2. Identifying the culprit is made possible via laboratory tests and state-of-the-art technology.
3. Numerous forensic tools and experts are involved, including toxicologists, pathologists, and cyber experts.
4. Forensic science assists the legal system in producing scientific evidence inside the court.
5. With rising crime rates and advancing technology, the demand for forensic professionals is rising.

Case Laws

Impact of Forensic Mishandling:

• O.J. Simpson Trial (1995): The trial highlighted forensic mishandling, such as contaminated evidence and improper collection techniques. The defense successfully undermined the forensic evidence, leading to Simpson being found not guilty.
• The Amanda Knox Case (2007): The trial initially found the accused guilty of murdering Meredith Kercher, but their conviction was later overturned due to mishandling of forensic evidence by investigators.

Conclusion
Through scientific evaluations, forensic science functions in resolution of enigmas surrounding crimes. Forensic science provides for fair investigations and accurate evidentiary treatment via systematic collection and preservation of evidence. Lawfulness of all evidence precludes crime scenes in any illicit act. Forensic science aims to attain justice and truth in all cases through the observance of forensic principles.