Science and technology hold the key to the progress and development of any nation. technology plays a fundamental role in wealth creation, improvement of quality of life and real economic growth and transformation in any society. This paper examines the concept of technology emphasizing the relationship between science and technology, the key use of science and technology in societal development as well as role / importance, use of science and technology in development of society. the paper went further to critically identify and examine the use of science and technology in different segment of life such as health, agriculture environmental management, economic growth, development and education.

INTRODUCTION
Technology simply put is a means of harnessing and exploiting our understanding of nature for our own benefit. It is an application of knowledge for practical purpose. It is used to improve human condition, natural environment or to carry out other socio-economic activities. It could also be defined or refers to all processes dealing with materials and their end products. One important attribute of technology is that it does not just happen; it is developed and learned whether in the farm of manual skills or as an applied science.

It is the systematic application of collective human rationality to the solution of human problems through the assertion of control over nature; technology is the engine of growth. Technology can be traced historically to the beginning of time to be man's quest to improve his way and quality of life. Science is fascinating subject that has captivated humans for centuries. It allows us to explore the mysteries of universe and gain a deeper understanding of the world around us.

By studying science, we can unlock new technologies, cure diseases, and make groundbreaking discoveries that change the course of history. The wonder of science is that it never stops evolving, and there is always something new and exciting to learn.

Meaning and Definition of Science

Science derives itself from the Latin word "scientia," meaning "knowledge." It is a systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge about nature and organizing that knowledge into testable laws and theories. Science:

• Is not limited to one particular subject or field of study.
• Encompasses everything from physics and chemistry to biology and geology.
• Focuses on asking questions and seeking answers through rigorous investigation.

Meaning and Definition of Technology

The word "technology," derived from the Greek terms "techne" (which means "art" or "skill") and "logia" (which means "study of"), refers to:

• A wide range of instruments, methods, and apparatuses that support human tasks and goals.
• The influence of technology on cultures and civilizations throughout history.
• The three basic categories: information technology, biotechnology, and green technology.

Purpose of Science and Technology

The purpose of science and technology varies:

• Science is about acquiring knowledge and understanding objects and phenomena.
• Technology applies knowledge to solve complex issues in practical ways.
• Both science and technology work together to advance human progress, though they are distinguishable in their approach.

Relationship Between Science and Technology

The relationship between science and technology is deeply intertwined:

• Science suggests ideas, and technology operationalizes them.
• Technology complements science by applying its theories in practical terms.
• Historically, science and technology were distinct, but their relationship has become closer over time, particularly since the 19th century.

Discoveries of Science and Technology

Scientific discoveries have transformed our world:

• From electricity to vaccines, science has enabled technological advancements.
• Recent breakthroughs include the detection of gravitational waves and the mapping of the human genome.
• Key legal case: Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics Inc. (2013)—the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that naturally occurring DNA sequences cannot be patented, but synthetic DNA can be.

Science and Technology Progress

Science and technology have brought significant progress:

• Science investigates the laws of the universe, applying knowledge to improve life.
• Technological advancements like computers, artificial intelligence, and atomic technology have revolutionized industries.
• New discoveries and inventions continue to shape modern society.

Importance of Science and Technology

The importance of science and technology in daily life is undeniable:

• They have revolutionized communication, healthcare, and resource utilization.
• Science and technology affect every aspect of how we live, work, and interact with the world.
• Today, they are indispensable in our way of life, influencing everything from security to everyday conveniences like smartphones.

Use Of Science And Technology

• Medicine The medical field heavily relies on science. Medicinal chemistry provides us with all the medicines we use. Science has also given us medical tools and machines like stretchers, ECG machines, MRI machines, and even injections.
• Agriculture Science has played a significant role in agriculture. Nowadays, we have machines that help us plant seeds in the fields. Science has also provided us with tractors, threshers, drip irrigation systems, sprinkler irrigation systems, and fertilizers through chemical research.
• Transportation Science is responsible for inventing all kinds of vehicles. It has made the world a smaller place, allowing us to travel quickly from one place to another. Science has given us bicycles, scooters, cars, airplanes, and more. Machines created by science enable us to transport goods efficiently and rapidly.
• Environmental Management Climate Monitoring: Satellites and sensors help track climate change, deforestation, and pollution, providing data crucial for policy-making and conservation efforts. Waste Management: Technologies for recycling and waste-to-energy conversion help reduce the environmental impact of human activities. The capacity of countries to adapt and mitigate can be enhanced when environmental policies are integrated with national development policies.
• Communication Science has made the world a smaller place by enabling instant communication. Telephones and mobile phones are inventions of science that allow us to talk to anyone, anywhere, in a matter of seconds. These communication devices are affordable and accessible to everyone, thanks to science.
• Construction Science serves as the foundation for constructing buildings. Building technologies are based on scientific principles. Machines like motor graders, bulldozers, and backhoe loaders, which are essential in construction work, are also products of science.
• Education Technologies such as MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) and digital classrooms provide access to education for people worldwide. Virtual and Augmented technologies offer immersive learning experiences, particularly in fields like medicine, engineering, and history.
• Daily Life Enhancement Internet of Things devices enhance home automation, improving convenience, energy efficiency, and security. Devices like fitness trackers and smartwatches monitor health metrics and provide connectivity on the go.

Advantages of Science Technology

• Science technology has revolutionized many fields, including medicine, communication, and transportation. In medicine, for example, technology has allowed for more precise diagnoses and treatments, leading to better patient outcomes. In communication, technology has made it easier than ever to connect with people all over the world, breaking down barriers and fostering understanding.
• In transportation, technology has enabled faster and more efficient modes of travel, making it possible to reach destinations that were once inaccessible. These are just a few examples of how science technology has improved our lives and made the world a better place.

Disadvantages of Science and Technology

• While science technology has brought about many benefits, it has also had negative consequences on society. For example, automation and artificial intelligence have led to job loss in certain industries, leaving many people struggling to make ends meet. In addition, the widespread use of technology has raised concerns about privacy and security, as personal information can be easily accessed and exploited.
• Furthermore, the production and disposal of technology have contributed to environmental issues such as pollution and e-waste. It is important to acknowledge these negative consequences and work towards finding solutions that minimize their impact on society.

Conclusion
No doubt, science and technology hold the key to the present and future development of any nation. Technology is achieved through a combination of knowledge, methods, tools and skills. This four-element definition of technology offers the details and clarity required for technology enhancement planning that must necessarily include knowledge and skills upgrade (training) and acquisition of human elements (knowledge and skills) and the tangible elements (methods and tools) of technology form the basis for our thinking and working processes.

We must ensure adequate development of man power in science and technology to guarantee the efficient utilization of abundant natural resources and reduce the drain on our treasury and independence on outside sources for industrialization. The nation should be technologically self-reliant in the production of capital and consumer goods and raw materials. Technology - based developments can occur only with concerted efforts to revitalize education, develop personnel and create integrated industries that will involve close collaboration between government, industry and academia.

Considering the use of science and technology in national development, it become important to stimulate demand for technology from private sector,renew emphasis on the creation of linkages between firms and knowledge institutions, reform enabling environments for better use of knowledge, setting priority and evaluation right, promoting transparency, objectivity, selectivity and international best practices in science and technology funding, increasing access to ICTs and Government as a consumer of knowledge.


Bibliography:
Websites:

• https://infinitylearn.com/surge/chemistry/importance-of-science/#:~:text=Science%20plays%20a%20role%20in,the%20result%20of%20scientific%20progress
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/soft-skill-11pdf/258698623
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/what-do-you-mean-by-the-tech/259672986

Book:

1. Science and the Modern World by Alfred North Whitehead, 1962

End Notes:

• Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., 569 U.S. 576 (2013)
• https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/technology-advancements-20th-century-paved-way-today-metricoid
• https://oercommons.org/authoring/25654-importance-of-science-and-technology-in-daily-life/view
• https://www.medscitechnol.com/

Written By: Adv.Bhavna Shukla