| Section | Offence | Punishment |
| 48 | Abetment outside India for offence in India | Expands jurisdiction to abetment by foreigners (punishment according to crime) |
| 69 | Sexual intercourse by deceitful means (promise of marriage/employment etc.) | Up to 10 years imprisonment + fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 95 | Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence | Imprisonment for not less than 3 years extendable to 10 years & fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 103(2) | Murder by a group of 5 or more persons on the ground of race/caste/community etc. | Mob lynching; punishment of death or life imprisonment & fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 106(2) | Causing death by rash &negligent driving of vehicle and escaping (hit‑and‑run case) | Imprisonment for 10 years & fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 111 | Organized Crime: It is a continuous unlawful activity by a group (syndicate) using violence, threats, or other illegal means to gain direct/indirect material or financial benefits, including crimes like kidnapping, theft, extortion, cybercrime, and trafficking. | Section 111(2)(a): If it causes death, the penalty is death or life imprisonment and fine ≥ ₹10 lakh.
Section 111(2)(b): In other cases, punishment is ≥ five years to life imprisonment and fine ≥ ₹5 lakh (cognizable & bailable) |
| 112 | Petty Organised Crime: It includes theft (of/from) vehicle, burglary, cargo theft, personal property theft, pick pocketing, snatching, shoplifting, financial fraud through card skimming, ATM theft, public transport scams, illicit ticket sales, and exam paper leaks etc. | Imprisonment for not less than 1 year extendable to 7 years & fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 113 | Terrorist Ac: It is defined as any act threatening India’s security/unity or causing terror, using dangerous means, resulting in death, injury, or disruption. | Punishment for causing death is death or life imprisonment and a fine. Otherwise, it’s minimum five years to life imprisonment and a fine (cognizable & non-bailable). |
| 117(3)/ 117(4) | Section 117 BNS addresses grievous hurt. 117(3) punishes causing permanent disability or persistent vegetative state with punishment ≥ ten years to life rigorous imprisonment |
Section 117(4) penalizes a group of five or more persons causing grievous hurt on grounds like race or caste with up to seven years imprisonment and a fine for each member. (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 152 | Acts endangering sovereignty, unity, integrity, and security of India (“deshdroh”). Offence committed via various means: Includes words, signs, visuals, electronic communication, and financial support, targeting secession, armed rebellion, subversive activities, or separatist feelings. | Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 7 years and fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 153
(amended, not new) |
Waging war against the Government of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India or attempts to wage such war, or abetting the waging of such war. Replaces “Asiatic Power in alliance” with “Government of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India.” | The punishment can be life imprisonment (with or without a fine), imprisonment up to seven years (with or without a fine), or just a fine.
(cognizable & non-bailable) |
| SECTION | OFFENCE | PUNISHMENT |
| 180
(amended, not new) |
Anyone possessing forged or counterfeit government revenue stamps, currency notes, or bank notes, knowing them to be forged or intending to use them as genuine, will be punished with imprisonment up to seven years, a fine, or both. | Amended Part: Possession without intent is not an offence. (cognizable & bailable) |
| 195
(amended, not new) |
195(1): Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing unlawful assembly/riot/affray etc.
195 (2): Threatening to assault or attempting to obstruct public servant when suppressing unlawful assembly/riot/affray etc. |
1. Amended Part: It mandates a minimum fine of ₹25,000. (cognizable & bailable).
2. Amended Part: Here the imprisonment has been reduced from 3 years to 1 year. (non-cognizable & bailable) |
| 197(1)(d) | Publishing false or misleading information that jeopardizes India’s sovereignty, unity, integrity, or security, through any medium (words either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representations or through electronic communication or otherwise. | Imprisonment up to 3 years, or a fine, or both (cognizable& non-bailable) |
| 226 | Attempting to commit suicide to compel or restrain a public servant from discharging his official duties. | Punishable with simple imprisonment up to one year, or with fine, or with both, or with community service (non-cognizable & bailable) |
| 304 | Snatching – snatching made distinct from theft. | Imprisonment for three years and fine (cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 324(3) | Mischief causing loss or damage to any property, including property of Government or Local Authority. | Imprisonment up to one year, or with fine, or with both. This clause specifically addresses damage to public property (non-cognizable & bailable) |
| 337
(amended) |
Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc. or identity documents issued by the Government (Aadhaar Card and Voter Identity Card included as offence). | Imprisonment extendable up to 7 years & fine (non-cognizable & non-bailable) |
| 341(3)/
341 (4) |
341 (3) – Possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, or instrument etc. knowing the same to be counterfeit.
341 (4) – Fraudulently or dishonestly using a counterfeit seal, plate, or instrument etc. as genuine, knowing or believing it’s counterfeit. |
341 (3) – Imprisonment up to three years and a fine (cognizable& bailable)
341 (4) –life imprisonment or up to seven years, plus a fine, depending on the forgery type (cognizable& bailable) |
| 358 | Repeal and savings | Facilitates the repeal of IPC, ensuring a seamless transition to the new legal framework. |
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Md. Imran Wahab
Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety & Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation & Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.
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