Restructuring is an act in which a lender, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower's financial difficulty, grants concessions to the borrower. The restructuring would normally involve modification of terms of the advances/securities, which would generally include, among others, alteration of payment period/payable amount/the number of installments/rate of interest; rollover of credit facilities; sanction of additional credit facility/release of additional funds for an account in default to aid curing of default/enhancement of existing credit limits; compromise settlements where time for payment of settlement amount exceeds three months. By finding synergies and opportunities in other firms and acquiring those targets, some companies try to grow at an accelerated rate through inorganic expansion.

The business entity could change as a result of this growth. However, there are occasions when a company just cannot make enough money and, for a number of other reasons, maybe rush towards collapse and likely extinction. Even in these circumstances, a company can be kept open by using corporate restructuring techniques that preserve the value of a failing company and give it a second chance, albeit with a modified corporate structure.

Meaning and Types:
Restructuring may be defined as making certain changes to the present structure. Hence, corporate restructuring is a comprehensive approach by a corporation, and companies can consolidate their operations and strive to strengthen their space for the accomplishment of short-term and long-term objectives. Corporate restructuring is crucial for the survival of the corporation in this highly unpredictable and competitive environment.

Restructuring can take place in two ways � operational and financial. Operational restructuring refers to measures wherein the debtor's business is restructured. This can include a plan to merge with another company, shut down a branch of the company, sell a part of the company, etc. In essence, these are large-scale business measures that seek to make the corporate debtor a more economically viable and valuable asset in the eyes of the creditor.

On the other hand, financial restructuring is when the debtor's finances are restructured. This could be by altering the rate of interest, the tenor, or the number of repayment installments, availing refinancing options, etc. in a debt agreement. In either case, these measures are taken through an agreement between both parties, free of any regulatory hindrance or procedure.

Scope:
The Corporate Restructuring process aims to increase economies of scale and efficiency. Companies' capacity to pool all of their resources for optimal utilization to generate value is critical to their survival and growth in a competitive environment. For example, a new major corporation can be formed by merging small businesses that can benefit from economies of scale.

Furthermore, the improved company status allows it to use it to its advantage by gaining access to low-cost financing markets on a national or worldwide scale. Finances are available at a cheaper cost, making the firm more comfortable and competitive. The strategy used will be determined by the purpose or corporate goals, and hence different strategies will be used by different firms. Corporate restructuring aims at different things for different organizations at different periods, with the only common goal in every restructuring operation being to eliminate disadvantages and combine benefits.

Further, it includes increasing the economy's efficiency and profitability. In order to expand or survive in a competitive climate, a firm must reorganize itself and focus on its competitive edge. Companies' survival and success in this climate are dependent on their capacity to pool all of their resources and put them to the best use. A larger firm formed through the merging of smaller ones might benefit from economies of scale. The larger the size, the greater the business prestige.

The status enables it to use the same to its advantage, allowing it to raise greater sums at reduced expenses. Profits are generated when the cost of capital is reduced. The availability of capital enables the firm to expand at all levels and so become more competitive.

Case Laws:
Satyam Computers:
Satyam Computers was one of the admired and envied IT firms in its prime. It was considered as the face of India's IT industry. However, the business faced failure due to fraud committed by one of its members. Hence, to save the face of India's IT industry the government indulged many experts for making a restructuring plan. With the same Satyam computers were auctioned and Mahindra initially acquired a 46% stake in the company. However, down the line Mahindra merged with Satyam Computers, and the company is now called Mahindra-Satyam.

Reliance Industries:
One of the most famous examples of restructuring is that of Reliance Industries. Initially, Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) was a single company but due to a change in circumstances between brothers Mr. Mukesh and Mr. Anil Ambani, they sought for demerger of the company. The said demerger led to 5 more companies being created. All the companies are listed on the stock exchange. Due to the demerger the share price of RIL increased exponentially giving a boon to the shareholders and the rest that followed made Reliance the company that every person wanted a piece of.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, corporate debt restructuring plays a pivotal role in fostering financial stability and providing a lifeline to struggling businesses. It is a complex process that requires careful consideration, strategic planning, and collaboration among all stakeholders involved. By undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial health, identifying the root causes of debt, and implementing tailored restructuring measures, companies can regain their footing and chart a path towards sustainable growth.

Throughout this blog, we have explored various aspects of corporate debt restructuring, including debt negotiation, refinancing, and equity conversion. We have emphasized the importance of open communication, transparency, and maintaining positive relationships with creditors during this challenging period. Additionally, we have highlighted the significance of seeking professional guidance from financial experts and legal advisors who can provide invaluable support throughout the restructuring process.